Data Presentation

• Data processing


  Dealing with editing, coding, classifying, tabulating and presenting data through chart, diagram or tables
• Data processing


  Verify, organize, transform, integrate and extract data in an appropriate output form for subsequent use
• Methods of processing data must be rigorously documented to ensure the utility and integrity of the data
• Data processing


  Translating information either manually or electronically into qualitative form for use in research analysis
• Data processing


  A set of methods that are used to input, retrieve, verify, store, organize, analyze or interpret a set of data
• Data processing enables information to be automatically extracted from data and could be used in computational biology and bioinformatics to organize a large set of 'omics data
• Data presentation


  Raw data need to be summarized, processed, and analyzed
• Ways to present data

  • As text
  • In tabular form
  • In graphical form
• Text


  • Principal method for explaining findings, outlining trends, and providing contextual information
• Table


  • Best suited for representing individual information and represents both quantitative and qualitative information
• Graph


  • Very effective visual tool as it displays data at a glance, facilitates comparison, and can reveal trends and relationships within the data
• Text, tables, and graphs for data and information presentation are very powerful communication tools
• Graphical representation of data

  Use of charts and graphs to visually display, analyze, clarify, and interpret numerical data, functions, and other qualitative structures
• Types of graphical representation

  • Bar graph
  • Histogram
  • Line graph
  • Pie chart
  • Flow chart
  • Pictogram
• Bar graph


  • Contains a vertical axis and horizontal axis and displays data as rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent
• Histogram


  • Frequency distribution and graphical representation uses adjacent vertical bars erected over discrete intervals to represent the data frequency within a given interval
• Line graph


  • Displays continuous data, ideal for predicting future events over time
• Pie chart


  • Shows percentage values as a slice of pie, the simplest and most efficient visual tool for comparing parts of a whole
• Flow chart


  • Diagram that depicts a workflow graphical representation with the use of arrows and geometric shapes
• Pictogram


  • Images and symbols are used to illustrate data, often used to present medical data
• Tabulating Data (Making Data Table)

  The process of presenting data in a structured table format
• Essential Parts of a Table

  • Table Number
  • Title of the Table
  • Headnote
  • Column Headings or Captions
  • Row Headings or Stubs
  • Body of a Table
  • Footnote
  • Source Note
• Table Number


  The first part of a table, given on top to facilitate easy identification and further reference
• Title of the Table

  One of the most important parts, placed on top to narrate the table's contents. It should be brief, crisp and carefully-worded.
• Headnote


  Presented below the title, provides information about the unit of data in the table
• Column Headings or Captions


  The portion on top of each column which explains the figures under each column
• Row Headings or Stubs


  The title of each horizontal row
• Body of a Table


  The portion that contains the numeric information collected from investigated facts, presented in rows and columns
• Footnote


  Given at the bottom of a table above the source note, used to state any fact that is not clear from the table's other elements
• Source Note


  Refers to the source from where the table's information has been collected