micropara lec midterms

• microbes are not know to cause disease in healthy hosts and pose minimal risk to workers and the environment Ex: Nonpathogenic streaks of Escherichia Coli?

  BSL 1
• Microbes are typically indigenous and are associated with diseases of varying severity, they pose moderate risk to workers and the environment Ex: Staphylococcus aureus?

  BSL 2
• Microbes are indigenous or exotic, and cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through respiratory transmission Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  BSL 3
• Microbes are dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections which are frequently fatal without treatment or vaccines. ew labs are t this level Ex: Ebola and Marburg Viruses?

  BSL 4
• The biosafety levels are determined by?

  Infectivity

  Ease of Transmission

  Potential disease severity

  Type of work done
• Reduces of destroys microbial load of an inanimate item through application of heat or antimicrobial chemicals

  Common Application: Cleaning surfaces like lab benches, clinical surfaces and bathrooms

  Common Agents: Chlorine, bleach, phenols, glutaraldehyde?

  Disinfection
• Reduces microbial load of inanimate item to safe public health levels through application of heat or antimicrobial chemicals?

  Sanitization
• Completely eliminates all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from an inanimate item?

  Sterilization
• Reduces microbial load on skin or tissue through application of an antimicrobial chemical?

  antisepsis
• reduces microbial load on skin or tissue through gentle to firm scrubbingand the use of mild chemicalsl?

  Degerming
• suffix that determines treatment method?

  cide/cidal, static/stat
• prefix that determines organism?

  fungi, bacterio
• describes progress of control method, D-value - time it takes to kill 90% of population?

  Microbial death curve
• lowest temp that kills all microbes in 10 minutes?

  thermal death point
• length of time needed to kill all microbes at a given temp?

  Thermal death time
• 170 C for at least 3 hours?


  Dry heat
• 121 C for 15 minutes?


  Moist Heat
• Autoclaves:

  121 C, 15 PSI, 15 Minutes

  varies based on type and volume of material?

  moist heat
• Does not sterilize, Denatures proteins and alters membranes

  High temperature short time pasteurization (72 C for 15 secs)

  Ultra HIgh Temp (138C for 2 secs)?

  
  

  
  

  Pasteurization
• Can Kill some cold and sensitive microbes, psychrophiles are an exception, long term storage?

  Bacteriostatic
• Bacteria, yeast, mold, parasites, viruses

  maintains food quality

  endospores may survive?

  pascalization
• pure oxygen at higher pressure

  increases oxygen saturation

  enhances immune response

  can kill oxygen sensitive bacteria?

  hyperbaric oxygen therapy
• penetrates, double strand breaks, sterilant?

  ionizing radiation
• use of high frequency sound waves, disrupts cell structure?

  sonication
• high efficiency particulate air filters, used at home, used in hospitals?

  HEPA
• Inhibits metabolism(slows or arrests cell division)

  0 C - 7 C

  preservation of food, lab materials (soln, cultures)?

  Refrigeration
• Stops metabolism, may kill microbes

  below -2 C?

  long term storage

  freezing
• Inhibits metabolism

  drying

  dried fruits, jerky?

  Simple dessication
• First to use in surgery? (penolics)

  Joseph Lister
• Benzene ring with -OH

  denature proteins

  disrupt membranes?

  phenols
• Oxidizes cellular components, betadine?

  Iodine
• Strong oxidant, chloramines?

  Chlorine
• Interferes with metabolism, found in toothpaste and drinking water?

  fluorine
• Denature proteins

  70% is more effective that 100%

  
  

  Alcohol
• antiseptic, broad spectrum, disrupt cell membranes, cytoplasmic congealing?

  chlorhexidine
• surgical scrub, oral rinse acts faster than chlorhexidine?

  alexidine