general science

• physiology - the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things
• atom - the smallest particle of an element
• chemical - a form of potential energy resulting from positions and interactions among subatomic particles
• Golgi appratus - a cell that was producing large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined with lipids)
• mitochondria - organelles found within cells, which are responsible for generating most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's metabolism.
• plasma membrane - a thin layer of phospholipid molecules surrounding all cells
• nucleus - the largest structure inside a eukaryotic cell; it contains genetic material called DNA
• plasma membrane - is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of all living cells from the outside environment
• nucleus - is the largest component of a eukaryotic cell; it contains genetic material called DNA
• ribosome - is a structure composed of RNA and protein molecules that serves as the site of protein synthesis
• Endocrine glands - secrete hormones
• Melanin - is produce by melanocytes
• Dendrites - in a neuron, short, branching cytoplasmic extension that receives information and carry it to the cell body
• Synapse - is a junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell (muscle or gland)
• Axons - are long, slender extensions of nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body.
• Neurotransmitter - is a chemical substance released at synapses that transmits signals across the gap between one neuron and another
• Nervous system - controls all activities of the body
• Schwann cells & oligodendrocytes - the neuroglial cells that form a myelin sheath around axons
• Nodes of ranvier - gaps between segments of oligodendrocytes of between individual schwann cells
• White matter of the central nervoud system - is formed by bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths
• Mechanoreceptors - the type of sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as bending or stretching the receptor
• Olfactory neurons - have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity and have extremely long cilia on the dendrites which airborne molecules bind to
• Endocrine system glands - may have function in addition to producing hormones
• The pituitary gland - is the small gland that rests in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
• T3 (triiodothyronine) - binding to target tissues causes increases in metabolism, body temperature and normal growth.
• Type 1 diabetes menitus - is caused by the secretion of too little insulin form the pancreas
• Water - the major component of plasma
• Arteries - carry blood away from the heat
• Lymphatic tissue - has lymphocytes that divide and increase in number when the body is exposed to foreign substances
• Chemical mediators of inflammation - can produce vasodilation, chemotaxtic attraction of phagocytes, increased vascular permeability, net movement of fibrin and complement from blood to o the extracellular fluid
• Antigens - substances that stimulate adaptive immunity responses
• Bacteria, pollen, and transplanted tissues are examples of foreign antigens
• Bile is produced in river by hepatocytes
• The nasal cavity is divided into right and left sides by the nasal septum
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and

  and collecting ducts to water.
• Proximal tubule - the primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the neuron
• the labia minora - thin, lingitudal folds that border the vestibule
• Cyanosis - is cause by decreased oxygen content of blood
• Jaundice - caused by collection of abnormal bile pigment of the skin
• The function of the skeletal system include all of the following:

  • support and protection
  • movement and leverage
  • blood cell production
  • storage of minerals