ABPSYCH

• Delusions


  Fixed, false beliefs that can't be corrected by logic and are not consistent with culture and education of the person
• Hallucinations


  False sensory perception experienced without real external stimulus
• Illusion


  Misperception of real external stimulus
• Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder characteristics

  • Positive symptoms
  • Negative symptoms
  • Disorganized symptoms
• Positive symptoms


  • Symptoms that distort reality
  • Presence of inappropriate symptoms
• Positive symptoms


  • Delusion
  • Hallucination
• Negative symptoms


  • Deficits in normal behavior
  • Absence of appropriate ones
• Negative symptoms


  • Alogia - significant reduction in the amount of speech
  • Anhedonia - loss of interest in or reported lessening of the experience of pleasure
  • Affective Flattening - loss or lack of emotional expressiveness, also called blunted or restricted affect
  • Avolition/Apathy - lack of motivation and a securing absence of interest in or inability to persist in what are usually routine activities
• Disorganized symptoms


  • Inappropriate affect - or crying at improper times
  • Bizarre behaviors - unusual
  • Catatonia- motor dysfunction that ranges from wild agitation to immobility
  • Waxy flexibility- tendency to keep bodies and limbs in a position placed by someone else
• Schizophreniform Disorder


  Psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting from 30 days to 6 months
• Brief Psychotic Disorder


  Psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor
• Schizoaffective Disorder


  Psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder
• Delusional Disorder


  Psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symptoms of schizophrenia
• Types of Delusions


  • Grandiose type
  • Jealous type
  • Persecutory type
  • Somatic type
• Bipolar I Disorder


  Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes. At least one lifetime manic episode. An episode of depression and hypomania may occur but is not required.
• Bipolar II Disorder


  Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes. At least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, never been a manic episode.
• Cyclothymic Disorder


  Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.
• Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

  A childhood disorder characterized by pervasively irritable or angry mood. Symptoms include frequent angry or aggressive outbursts combined with an angry or irritable mood on days when outbursts do not occur.
• Major Depressive Disorder


  Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activity such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)


  Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder


  In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week post menses.
• Panic Disorder


  Recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistently worried of having more panic attacks which may cause maladaptive behavior.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder


  Persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about various domains which are difficult to control in addition to physical symptoms such as restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.
• Selective Mutism


  Consistent failure to speak in social situations even though individual speaks in other situations which leads to significant consequences on achievement or interferes social communication (usually diagnosed in addition to social anxiety disorder).
• Specific Phobia subtypes


  • animal
  • natural environment
  • blood-injection-injury
  • situational
  • other
• Social Anxiety Disorder


  Fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social interactions and situations where scrutiny is possible in addition to cognitive ideation of being negatively evaluated or offending others.
• Separation Anxiety Disorder


  Fear, or anxiety about developmentally inappropriate separation from attachment figures; nightmares and physical symptoms may be present.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder


  Repetitive and persistent, time-consuming instrusive obsessions (which individual attempts to ignore or suppress) by means of compulsions; common dimensions; cleaning, symmetry, forbidden thoughts (sex/aggression/religion) and harm.
• Obsessions


  Intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate.
• Compulsions


  Thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief.
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder


  Cognitive symptom related to perceived defects or flaws in physical appeareance or flaws in physical appearance and repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to appearance concerns.
• Hoarding Disorder


  Cognitive symptom related to perceived need to save possessions.
• Trichotillomania


  Hair-Pulling Disorder - Recurrent and repetitive hair-pulling behaviors resulting in hair loss and repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair-pulling.
• Excoriation


  Skin-Picking Disorder - Recurrent and repetitive skin-picking behaviors resulting in skin lesions and repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin-picking.
• Reactive Attachment Disorder


  Expressed with depressive symptoms and withdrawn behavior and compromised emotional regulation capacity which are caused by serious social neglect.
• Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder


  Marked by culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers which is caused by seirous social neglect.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder


  Development of varying characteristics symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events.
• Acute Stress Disorder


  PTSD symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to the traumatic event/s.
• Adjustment Disorder


  Presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor; may be single/multiple, recurrent/continuous.
• Positive dissociated symptoms


  • fragmentation of identity
  • depersonalization
  • derealization