health physical development

• Life Stages

  • Early childhood's 3-8 years
  • Adolescence: 4-18 years
  • Early Adulthood: 19-45 years
  • Middle Adulthood: 46-65 years
  • Later Adulthood: 65+
• Growth

  An increase in some measured quantity such as height or weight
• Development

  Complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
• Skill


  Developed externally, e.g. speaking different languages
• Ability


  Something you're born with
• Capability


  What you could potentially do, e.g. cooking, baking, walking
• Gross

  Whole body movement
• Fine

  Small movement, e.g. writing
• Milestone

  An ability achieved by most children by a certain age
• Centile lines percentage

  lines on the graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumferenece these lines take into account sex and age
• gross motor skills


  using large muscles to create large movements
• fine motor skills 


  using small muscles to create small movements
• examples of fine motor skills

  • tying shoes laces- age six
  • drawing patterens-age six
  • writing- age five
  • buttoning up a shirt-age seven
  • colouring- age four
• examples of gross motor skills

  • riding a tricycle-age three
  • skipping- age 5
  • hopstoch-age 4
  • handstand-age6-7
  • riding a bike-age 7
  • balancing on one leg-4
  • throw a ball-7
• puberty

  a period of rapid change and growth and is experienced by both females and males
• girls often start puberty at the age of 9
• boys often start puberty at the age of 11
• primary sexual characteristics 


  relate to the changes and development of reproductive organs
• secondary sexual characteristics 


  outward signs of development from a child into a man or a woman
• primary sexual characteristics examples

  • the vagina lengthens
  • the uterus enlargens
  • the menstrauls cycle commences
  • the ovaries begin to release eggs
  • spontaneous erections by the blood flowing in chambers in the penis may happen
  • testicles begin to produce sperm
• secondary sexual charateristics examples

  • breasts develop and the areolacaera arounf the nipple dakens and swells
  • hair growth in armpits and pubic area
  • hair growth in armpits,pubic area and facial area
  • changes in the larynat( adams apple) causes voice to deepen
  • redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
  • redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
• hormones

  chemical substances produced in the body and transported in the blood stream that control or regualte body cells or body organs
• sex hormones produced by the body in the ovaries and testies are the reason that secondary sexual charateristics happens.
• the main hormones are oestrogen,estrogen and testrones
• the pituary gland controls the realease of sex hormones in the body for both female and male
• the main female hormones are oestrogen and progestrone
• the main male hormones are testosterone and androgen
• testes produce testosterone which stimulates sperm- this cause fertility
• perimenopause-early adulthood
• peak physical age is between 19-28
• at 28 reached full height and speed and then strength starts to decrease
• there is a decline in physically capabiltiy as you get older
• permenoupause

  a time around menopuase when your ovaaries gradually stopworking. it is a natural process that causes physical and emotional symptoms. it is the symptoms of menopause.
• physical symptoms of perimenopause

  • irregualr periods
  • hot flushes
  • sleep problems
  • vagina and bladder
  • vaginal dryness
  • decrease in fertility
  • changes in sexual function
  • loss of bone
  • change in cholestral
• emotional effects of perimenopause

  • mood changes
• menopause 


  when periods stop due to lower hormone levels. the main treatment is hrt.
• symtoms of ageing

  • stooped posture
  • thinning hair
  • arthritis
  • increase risk to heart diseases
  • hair loss
  • increase of intorlence to food
  • loss of muscle tone and strengthen
  • grey hair
  • increase of weight and waiste size
  • loss of skin elasticity
• in the 20th century life expectancy was 52-55
• as time changes life expectancy increases and it is known over the age of 65
• life expectancy

  an estimate of the number of years on average that a person can expect to live