Lyras geog paper one set

• what percentage of NUTRIENTS in rainforest is FROM PLANTS? (%)

  80% of rainforest nutrients from plants
• What % did of earth did rainforests previously cover & what is it now (%)

  used to cover - 14% of the earth

  now - 6%
• how many species go extinct every day?

  137
• amount of indigenous people living in rainforest then vs now

  THEN - 10 million

  NOW - 200,000
• How many of the rainforests organisms are found in the canopy (%)

  90%
• How much sunlight reaches the understory?

  2-15%
• How much sunlight reaches the forest floor?

  2%
• MALAYSIA DAMN EXAMPLE - what happened, name, when

  2011 - Malaysia, The Bankun Dam

  - flooded 700km² of rainforest
• What is the largest contributor to rainforest deforestation in BRAZIL (%)

  BAZIL - 80% of deforestation is by cattle rearing
• how much medicine comes from the rainforest (%)

  25% of all medicines come from the rainforest
• hoe much oxygen comes from the rainforest (%)

  28% of worlds oxygen from rainforest
• how many countries signed up to the ITA

  71 countries signed to the ITA
• what is the ITA

  international tropic timber agreement
• tonnes of CO2 from average return flight Brazil > UK


  3.6 tones of carbon from the flight
• what is the population of svalbard?

  2700
• how many barrels of oil can the trans Alaskan pipeline transport a day?

  1.4 million barrels of oil a day
• How much did it cost to build the trans Alaskan pipeline

  8 billion dollars
• average temp of svalbard

  The average temperature is of -11.0 °C

  Cold!!!!!!!!!!!
• polar vs tundra environment temps

  POLAR = -50C

  TUNDRA = -20C
• Exxon Valdez oil spill - when, how much

  1989 - 40 million litres of oil spilt
• Exxon Valdez oil spill - tourism losses

  lost 2.4 billion is tourism sales
• COLD ENVIRONMENTS - how much revenue in oil?

  90% of state revenue generated by oil
• how many countries in International Whaling Convention

  88 countries in International Whaling Convention
• give an example of a bay from a discordant coastline (and its materials)

  Swanage bay - Dorset

  - discordant coastline of soft clay & sand AND hard chalk
• how much do sea walls cost

  £5-£10K per metre
• how much to groynes cost

  £5000
• how much do rock gabions cost

  £110 per meter
• case study - MEDMERRY - MANAGED RETREAT

  Medmerry - West Sussex

  - had a sea wall, that would've been expense to keep with rising sea

  - let sea breach (110 metres)
• case study - MEDMERRY - HISTORY

  medmerry - west sussex

  - until 2011 beach reprofiling happened every winter

  - cost of £200,000 annually
• case study - mixed coastal management (3 types)

  LYME REGIS : 1990-2015

  > small coastal village on South Coast of England

  - new seawall (390 metre one)

  - beach nourishment

  - extension of rock amour
• what % of the UK was covered in ice in the last ice age?

  30% of the uk
• Give an example of a glacial trough

  Newtondale, Yorkshire
• Give an example of a hanging valley

  Nant Cilian, Snowdonia
• Give an example of a truncated spur

  Great Langdale, Cumbria
• example of an erratic

  granite in the Isle of Arran
• example of farming in glacial landscapes

  Sheep farming - Grasmere, Lake district
• example of tourism in glacial landscapes

  Mountain Railway - Aviemore, Scotland
• example of forestry in glacial landscapes

  Conifer wood plants - Wales

  - soft wood used for paper
• example of quarrying in glacial landscapes

  Limestone Quarry - Penaine, Yorkshire
• Example of wind turbines in glacial areas

  the wind turbines in Kirkstone pass, Lake district