paper 1

• Photosynthesis equation


  1. Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

  2. CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
• respiration involves breathing, gas exchange and transport
• • phloem transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• xylem transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves
• transpiration is the evaporation/loss of water/diffusion from the outside of the plants leaves to the inside
• translocation is the movement of sugars and amino acids from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• rate of transpiration is affected by: temperature, humidity, light intensity, air flow
• diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration-down a concentration gradient
• osmosis :movement of water particles down a concentration gradient across a semi permeable membrane-from an area of high to low concentration
• active transport: movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration against a concentration gradient
• cell: a basic unit of structure and function in living organisms that is capable of performing life functions
• tissue: a group of cells with a similar structure and function, working together to carry out a particular function
• organ: a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
• organ system: a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
• mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
• respiration: the process of transferring energy from glucose to the cell's molecules
• anaerobic respiration equation: glucose ---> lactic acid + energy
• aerobic respiration equation: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• aerobic respiration: happens in the mitochondria and in the presence of oxygen
• anaerobic respiration definition : happens in the absence of oxygen, produces lactic acid
• mouth= mechanical- digestion, absorption, and secretion of saliva, and taste
• mouth=chemical-salivary glands, mechanical-tongue, sensory-taste buds
• liver=produces bile an detoxifies harmful chemicals
• gall bladder = stores bile produced in the liver
• pancreas=produces pancreatic fluids containing digestive enzymes
• large intestine= reabsorbs excess water into blood, pH 7, 1.5m long
• small intestine= 7m long, food molecules are absorbed into blood through villi
• stomach=hydrochloric acid pH2, protease enzymes are secreted, muscles contract - acid kills pathogens
• oesophagus= stretches with food, muscular tube pushing down food due to contractions ( peristalsis )
• to test for starch what is the chemical used?

  iodine solution