Infection and response (2)

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Created by
Lorelie

Cards (19)

  • What are monoclonal antibodies
    Lots of clones of a single white blood cell
  • what do monoclonal antibodies do
    they will only target one specific protein antigen
  • why can’t lymphocytes be used alone to make monoclonal antibodies
    lymphocytes don’t divide very easily
  • what cells can be grown really easily
    tumour cells
  • how do you create a hybridoma
    fuse a mouse b-lymphocyte with a tumour cell
  • what do hybridoma cells do
    They produce monoclonal antibodies
    the antibodies can be collected and purified
  • why are monoclonal antibodies useful
    they can only bind to a specific cell or chemical
  • how are monoclonal antibodies made
    fuse a mouse b-lymphocyte and a tumour cell
    to create a hybridoma
    clone the hybridoma
    they will produce it’s of identical monoclonal antibodies
    collect and purify the antibodies
  • How do pregnancy tests work
    A hormone called HCG is found in the urine of pregnant women
    pregnancy tests detect this hormone
  • how are monoclonal antibodies used in pregnancy tests
    the bit you wee on has antibodies with blue beads attached
    the test strip has antibodies wit the hormone attached to it so they don’t move
  • what happens if your pregnant and you use the test
    the hormone binds to the antibodies on the blue beads
    the urine moves up the stick, carrying the hormone and blue beads
    the beads and the hormone bind to the antibodies on the strip
    the blue beads get stuck on the strip and it turns blue
  • what happens if your not pregnant and you use the test
    The urine moves up the strip carrying the beads and NOT CARRYING THE ANTIBODIES
    the antibodies are NOT THERE so the blue beads don’t stick to the test strip
  • what is a tumour marker
    Antigens on the cell membranes of cancer cells that aren’t found on body cells
  • what can monoclonal antibodies do
    bind to tumour markers
  • how can monoclonal antibodies be sued to treat cancer
    an anti cancer drug is attached to monoclonal antibodies
    the antibodies are given to the patient through a drip
    the antibodies target specific cells because they only bind to tumour markers
    the drug only kills cancer cells and not body cells
  • How can monoclonal antibodies be used in research
    They can bind to hormones or other chemicals in blood to measure their levels
    test blood samples for pathogens
  • how can monoclonal antibodies be used to locate specific molecules in a cell or tissue
    make monoclonal antibodies that will bind to the specific molecule
    bind the antibodies to a fluorescent dye
    the monoclonal antibodies will attach to the molecules and they’ll be detected with the dye
  • what are advantages to monoclonal antibodies
    cause less side effects than chemotherapy or radiotherapy
  • what are problems with monoclonal antibodies
    more side effects than originally expected
    so the aren’t as widely used as originally expected