botany 🍓🌺

• 1. calyx can form a large laefy bracets in the base of the fruit ex strawberry tree become fleshy and sweet and simulate a pericarp surrounding the real fruit: case of the Mulberry tree (Morus nigra) in which the real fruit is an achene Forms a large, brightly colored membranous sac around the fruit, it is an accrescent calyx (Hyocyamus)develops into a “pappus” dispersal organ, this is the case in composites
• overian wall becom the fruit wall
• other parts of gynoecium disappear or can persist or even grow by giving appendages intended for dissemination of the fruit Ex: Buttercup achenes
• floral bract transform when ripe and fuse together to form the involucre of the hazelnut the cap of the acorn
• floral receptacl is strawberry the center becomes devloped and bears isolated carpel when ripe it become flashy and the real fuit is the black achens on the surface
• peduncule inflorecence can devloped under the fruit and become fleshy ex mahogany the inflorecenc can be succulant and constetutes the fruit ex pineapple
• the fruit wall called pericarp come directly from the overy wall made up of epicarp endocarp and mesocarp
• Dry fruits: The pericarp is dry / hard and completely waterproof )))))))))Fleshy fruits: -The epicarp is fleshy and juicy,

  -The mesocarp has become more or less completely fleshy or succulent. -The endocarp: be fleshy,

  : be sclerotic and form a hard, bony core (drupe)
• the classification of the fruit depend on the pericarp dry fleshy indurated the mode dehiscenc or indehiscenc mode of opening or absence of opening of the fruit the shap and size and numper of carpeles and ovules
• acording to their origine fruit are classfied into Simple fruits: a simple fruit is formed from the single ovary of a flower (unicarpellate or gamocarpellate ovary).

  Multiple fruits: come from flowers whose gynoecium is dialycarpellate (free carpels). In this case, a single flower produces several fruits.

  Compound fruits: formed from the whole inflorescence

  Complex fruits: result from the combination of the gynoecium of a flower with which other parts of the flower are associated (receptacle, perianth, etc.).
• •In dry dehiscent fruits, after a certain stage of developement , the dry pericarp splits or breaks open and liberate the seeds.

  • In dry indehiscent fruits, the pericarp does not dehisce at maturity.
• Berries (Pome fuit):

  • Fleshy mesocarp

  • Leathery endocarp

  • Many seeded

  • 02 types
• Berry monospermous


  The fruit is a berry and contains only one seed
• Berry


  • Develops from a single ovary
  • Has a fleshy pericarp (fruit wall) surrounding the seeds
• Derived from a uniovulated unilocular ovary


  The fruit developed from an ovary that had only one ovule and was structured into a single chamber
• "Uniovulated" means the ovary contained only one ovule prior to fertilization
• "Unilocular" means the ovary is divided into a single chamber
• Berry polyspermous :

   Containing several seeds, Coming from a plurilocular, uniovulate or pluriovulate ovary

   Ex: tomato, grape,,,,
• Hesperidium :

  Developed from an ovary with 05 or more compartments, pluriovulate.

  The epicarp is rich in species pockets, the spongy white mesocarp and the membranous endocarp constitute the partitions limiting the districts.

  Ex: Orange, lemon,…
• Peponides=Cucurbitaceae like cucamber and melon
• peponides =though envelope,

  the entire internal part has turned into a sweet pulp, in the center of which the seeds are place
• drupe fruit Fleshy mesocarp

  • Hard endocarp

  • One seeded

  • 02 types
• Drupe fruitComes from a unilocular gynoecium, either uniovulated or pluriovulated, but only one ovule matures Ex: cherry, apricot,peach
• drupe polyspermous Multi seeds, Come from a multilocular ovary of which each locular gives a seed
• Indehiscents dry fruits (Akenoids) :

  These fruits do not open when ripe

  They are referred to under the general name akenoids.

  Generally they contain a single seed, unlike capsuloids (dehiscent dried fruits)
• Semara It is an achene whose pericarp has extended on the side into a membranous wing, favoring dispersal by the wind ex Ash
• Caryopsis:

  Achene of Poaceae Pericarp fused with Testa

  Ex: wheat
• Schizocarpe :

  Gamocarp ovary , multilocular fuit, each locular transforms into an achene which, at maturity, separates more or less from its neighbors.ex malvaceae
• Dehiscents dry fruits(capsuloids) :

  These fruits open when ripe

  They are generally polyspermous, unlike akenoids which are generally monospermous They are classified according to the number and relationship of the carpels to each other
• Follicle:

  • Dry dehiscent fruit

  • developed from: monocarpellary, superior, unilocular ovary,

  marginal placenttaion with many seeds (on the free edges of the

  carpels)

  • Ripe fuit dehisces by one suture, usually the ventral one (sutural =

  corresponding to the weld line of the carpellary edges).
• Renonculaceae is follical dihiscent dry fruit