CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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  • Circulatory system consists of the:
    • Heart
    • Blood vessels
    • Blood
  • 3 Types of Blood Vessels:
    • Arteries
    • Veins
    • Capilllaries
  • Structure of blood vessels (superficial to deep):
    • Tunica adventitia - connective tissue
    • Tunica media - smooth muscle & elastic tissue
    • Tunica intima - endothelial cells
  • Lumen - space within a blood vessel through which the blood flow
  • Arteries - large, thick-walled blood vessels that propels oxygenated blood to the capillaries
  • Veins - thin-walled blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
  • Venipuncture - the procedure for removing blood from a vein for analysis
  • Veins of choice during venipuncture:
    • First choice - Median cubital veins
    • Second choice - Cephalic vein
    • Last choice - Basilic vein
  • Capillaries - smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins; site of gas exchange in the blood
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) - measures the cardiac cycle by placing electrodes connected to a recorder on the patient's arms, legs, and chest
  • The heart contracts approximately 60 to 80 times per minute, which represents the pulse rate
  • Arrythmia - irregular pulse rate
  • Bradycardia - pulse rate less than 60 bpm
  • Tachycardia - pulse rate greater than 100 bpm
  • Average BP for an adult is 120/80 mmHg.
  • An average adult has a blood volume of 5 to 6 L