lesson 4

• Juan de Plasencia


  Born in the 16th century to the illustrious family of portocarreros in plasencia, passed away in liliw, laguna in 1590, his real name is joan de puerto carrero, del convent de villanueva de la serena
• Juan de Plasencia


  • Converted natives, taught catechisms, and organized towns and barangays in the Philippines
  • His continuous interaction with the people he converted to christianity enabled him to write this book
• He published the book doctrina christiana en lengua espanola y tagala, the first printed book in the Philippines


  1593
• After several years of converting the natives and teaching catechism, the franciscan order honored him with the title "venerable"
• Customs of the Tagalogs


  Part of longer monographs written by the chroniclers of the spanish expeditions to the philippines during the early 16th and 17th century
• The original work itself is a product of observations and judgments
• His work is a primary source because he personally witnessed the events and observations that he discussed in his account
• The original text of Plasencia's Customs of the Tagalogs is currently kept in Archivo General de Indias (A.G.I.) in Seville, Spain, and there is also a duplicate copy of it in the Archivo Franciscano Ibero-Oriental (A.F.I.O.), in Madrid, Spain
• Datos/Datu


  The chief who governed the people and were captains in their wars whom they obey and reverence
• Barangay


  Called a "barangay" because they associate themselves with the "malay" who are one of the first people to arrive in the philippines through a boat in which they call "balangay"
• Maharlica


  Born free, did not pay taxes or tribute to datu but must accompany him in war, at their own expense, they would keep their status for a lifetime, can be taken if he/she marries a slave, in this case, the kids would be divided and they would inherit the status of their mother or father
• Aliping Namamahay


  Are those who serve their masters, however, they can have their own properties
• Aliping sa Guiguilid


  Those considered to be slaves who serve their masters or can be sold off
• Property (Maharlica)


  • The land area was divided among the whole barangay, especially the irrigated portions, no one from a different barangay could cultivate land unless they inherit or buy the land, the lands on the tingues, or mountain ridges, are not divided but owned by the barangay as a whole, at the time of rice harvest, any individual (regardless of their barangay) that starts to clear any land area may sow in it, fisheries of chiefs had established limits, and sections of the rivers for market, unless you were a member of the chief's barangay, you had to pay for the privilege of fishing or selling in the chiefs' fisheries
• Status/Social Class Situations


  • Situation 1: those who are maharlicas on both the father's and mother's side continue to be so forever, and if it happens that they should become slaves, it is through marriage
  • Situation 2: if maharlicas had children among their slaves, the children and their mothers became free
  • Situation 3: if maharlicas had children by the slave-woman of another, the slave-woman was compelled when pregnant, to give her master half of a gold tael, half of the child was free if the father (maharlica) recognized him. if not, the child will become a whole slave
  • Situation 4: if a free woman had children by a slave, they were all free, provided he were not her husband
  • Situation 5: if two persons married, of whom one was a maharlica and the other a slave (namamahay or sa guiguilir) the children were divided, odd birth order (1st, 3rd, 5th,…..) belong to the father, even birth order (2nd, 4th, 6th,…..) belong to the mother, only child, half slave
• Dowries


  Given by men to the women's parents before marriage, if the parents are both alive, they both enjoy the use of it
• Tagalog Worships


  • Simbahan, temple or place of adoration
  • Pandot, a festival celebrated
  • Sibi
  • Sorihile
  • Nagaanitos
• Tagalog Idols


  • Bathala
  • Amanikable
  • Idiyanale
  • Mayari
  • Hanan
  • Apolaki
  • Dumangan
  • Ikapati
  • Anitun Tabu
  • Anagulay
  • Mangkukulam
  • Mapulon
  • Galang Kaluluwa
  • Dumakulem
  • Mangangaway
  • Sitan
  • Dian Masalanta
  • Ulilang Kaluluwa
• Catolonan


  Priest from a people of rank, officiates the offering sacrifice for a feast and the food to be eaten being offered to the devil
• Mangagauay


  They pretend to heal the sick in order to deceive others
• Manyisalat


  They can cast remedies to couples for them to abandon one another
• Mancocolam


  Can emit fire from himself which cannot be extinguished, they can also heal those who are ill
• Hocloban


  Much more powerful than a mangagauay, they can kill anyone without the use of any medicine
• Silagan


  They would tear out and eat the liver of those they saw were wearing white
• Magtatangal


  They would go out at night without their heads and put it back into their bodies before the sun rise
• Osuang


  Can fly, murdered a man and ate his flesh
• Mangagayoma


  They would seduce their partners with charms and other accessories so they can deceive them
• Sonat


  This devil helped people to die, they can also know if the soul they helped to die can either be saved or not
• Pangatahojan


  They can predict the future
• Bayoguin


  These are men who are in the nature of a woman
• Superstitions


  • They find omens in events they witness, when someone sneezed, met on their way a rat or serpent, or the tigmamanuguin bird sang they would go home in fear that evil would befall them if they continued their journey, the bird's (a blue bird as large as a turtle-dovetigmamanuguin) song had two forms: a good omen, and a bad omen
• Burying the Dead


  • The corpse would be placed beside its house and be mourned at for 4 days, will then be laid on a boat which serves as a coffin which is guarded by a slave, the grief of the relatives of the deceased is followed by eating and drinking
• Maca


  Village of rest, those who go to this place are the just and valiant
• Casanaan


  Place of anguish, place of punishment, grief and affliction
• Sitan


  Demons on Casanaan
• Patianac


  Any women died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment
• Plasencia's Customs of the Tagalogs is a very popular primary source because it vividly described the situation of the philippines before it was tainted with spanish and christian influences
• Many of the 16th century beliefs and practices are still present today
• It affirms that during the pre-hispanic period, filipinos already have a government as well as set of beliefs and practices
• Contains numerous information that historians could use in reconstructing the political and socio-cultural history of the tagalog region