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• Communication


  A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior
• Functions of Organizational Communication

  • Control
  • Motivation
  • Information
  • Emotional Expression
• Seven Pillars of Communication

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Objective
  • Consistent
  • Complete
  • Relevant
  • Understanding of Audience Knowledge
• Communications Process


  A series of actions done by individuals who want to share information with each other
• Types of Communication


  • Verbal Communication (Oral Communication, Written Communication)
  • Non-Verbal Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
• Interpersonal Communication


  • The exchange of information between two or more individuals or groups
  • The major emphasis is on transferring information from one person to another
  • Interpersonal communication may be done through various verbal or non-verbal ways
  • Interpersonal communication can only be effective when the recipient has properly decoded and firmly believes the message from the sender
• Importance of Feedback


  • It improves employee's productivity and manager's effectiveness since there is a proper exchange of information from the two individuals
  • There are less misunderstandings and more flow of ideas present in the employee-employer relationship
  • This also further results in better organizational performance
• Barriers to Effective Communication

  • Semantics
  • Filtering of negative information
  • Lack of credibility of the sender
  • Information or communication overload
  • Poor communication skills
• Ethics in Communication


  • Honesty
  • Refrain from Doing Harm
  • Fairness to all Stakeholders
• Decision Making


  A process of choosing the best alternative courses of actions
• Types of Decisions


  • Programmed decision
  • Nonprogrammed decision
• Programmed Decision


  A monotonous and repetitive process wherein the Individual making decision/s consider certain SOPs, guidelines and company policies
• Nonprogrammed Decision


  • Decisions taken in unstructured situations-non recurring situations
  • The problems to be solved are unusual, ill-defined and complex thus requires extensive brainstorming before coming up with a decision
• Decision Making Models


  • Rational Decision Making Model
  • Bounded Rationality Model
  • Linear Model of Decision Making
  • Intuitive Decision Making
  • Garbage Can Model
• Bias in Decision Making

  • Overconfidence Bias
  • Anchoring Bias
  • Confirmation Bias
  • Hindsight Bias
  • Representative Bias
  • Availability Bias
  • Commitment Errors
  • Randomness Errors
• Group Decision Making


  Individuals may form groups to accomplish given tasks in a more effective way
• Nominal Group Technique


  A structured process of generating and ranking ideas proposed by members to solve the identified problem/s
• Delphi Technique


  A technique that suggests the use of a series of formal surveys and rating scales to obtain various opinions about an issue
• Communication


  A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior
• Functions of Organizational Communication

  • Control
  • Motivation
  • Information
  • Emotional Expression
• Seven Pillars of Communication

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Objective
  • Consistent
  • Complete
  • Relevant
  • Understanding of Audience Knowledge
• Communications Process


  A series of actions done by individuals who want to share information with each other
• Types of Communication


  • Verbal Communication (Oral Communication, Written Communication)
  • Non-Verbal Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
• Interpersonal Communication


  The exchange of information between two or more individuals or groups
• Importance of Feedback


  • It improves employee productivity and manager effectiveness
  • There are less misunderstandings and more flow of ideas
  • Results in better organizational performance
• Barriers to Effective Communication

  • Semantics
  • Filtering of negative information
  • Lack of credibility of the sender
  • Information or communication overload
  • Poor communication skills
• Ethics in Communication


  • Honesty
  • Refrain from Doing Harm
  • Fairness to all Stakeholders
• Decision Making


  A process of choosing the best alternative courses of actions
• Types of Decisions


  • Programmed decision
  • Nonprogrammed decision
• Decision Making Models


  • Rational Decision Making Model
  • Bounded Rationality Model
  • Linear Model of Decision Making
  • Intuitive Decision Making
  • Garbage Can Model
• Biases in Decision Making

  • Overconfidence Bias
  • Anchoring Bias
  • Confirmation Bias
  • Hindsight Bias
  • Representative Bias
  • Availability Bias
  • Commitment Errors
  • Randomness Errors
• Group Decision Making


  Individuals may form groups to accomplish given tasks in a more effective way
• Nominal Group Technique


  1. Identify alternative solutions

  2. Recording and summarizing identified solutions

  3. Discussing ideas (Narrowing down)

  4. Voting for the best
• Delphi Technique


  A structured process of generating and ranking ideas proposed by members to solve the identified problem/s
• Communication


  A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior
• Functions of Organizational Communication

  • Control
  • Motivation
  • Information
  • Emotional Expression
• Seven Pillars of Communication

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Objective
  • Consistent
  • Complete
  • Relevant
  • Understanding of Audience Knowledge
• Communications Process


  A series of actions done by individuals who want to share information with each other
• Types of Communication


  • Verbal Communication (Oral Communication, Written Communication)
  • Non-Verbal Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
• Interpersonal Communication


  The exchange of information between two or more individuals or groups