Week 11 Progressions

• What are the functions of the mouth?

  Motility, secretion, digestion, ingestion
• What is the function of the esophagus?

  motility, secretion
• What is the function of the stomach?

  motility, secretion, digestion
• What type of digestion occurs in the stomach?

  Chemical and mechanical digestion
• What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

  Chemical and mechanical digestion
• What is the function of the pancreas?

  secretion
• What is the function of small intestine?


  Secretion, motility, digestion, absorption. Small intestines digests ALL 3 macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins). Bile is released into small intestine to emulsify fats.
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  Secretion, motility, absorption. Absorbs water, concentrates waste
• What is the function of the liver?

  Secretion/chemical digestion

  • produces bile

  Stores minerals, vitamins, nutrients

  Detoxifies and filters blood

  Produces proteins
• What is the function of the gallbladder?


  Concentrates and stores bile
• What does the mouth secrete?


  Saliva

  • including amylase (enzyme)
• In the mouth, food forms into bolus.
• What is a bolus?

  Food mixed with saliva
• Esophagus sends bolus from mouth to stomach.
• Esophagus secretes mucus for slip and slide down to stomach.
• In the stomach, bolus turns into chyen.
• What cells does the stomach have?

  • Chief cells
  • Parietal cells
• What is the function of HCl?

  1). Denatures protein

  2). Turn pepsinogen into pepsin (protease - breaks down proteins/chemical digestion of proteins)
• What does the pancreas secrete?

  Bicarbonate, lipase, amylase, trypsin + chymotrypsin
• What does bicarbonate do?

  • Raise the pH of chyn, neutralizing stomach acid.
  • Deactivates pepsin
• What does trypsin + chymotrypsin do?

  Enzymes that breakdown proteins

  • works in a higher pH compared to pepsin (which is now deactivated)
  • Finishes the job of pepsin
• When blood glucose levels increase, pancreas secretes insulin. This lowers blood glucose.
• The liver produces bile.
• The large intestine secretes mucus.
• The large intestine absorbs water and salts.
• Ingestion


  Bringing food in
• Secretion


  cells releasing chemicals to external environment

  • enzymes, emulsifiers, buffers
• Digestion


  breaking down nutrients into really small pieces

  • lipids —> smaller lipids
  • proteins —> amino acids
  • carbohydrates —> monosaccharides
• Mechanical digestion


  physical break down of food
• chemical digestion


  breaking food down with enzymes
• absorption


  sending food from GI tract into bloodstream, getting external nutrients into cells
• excretion 


  getting rid of waste
• Primary organs


  Organs that directly cause digestion.
• What are the primary organs?

  stomach, esophagus, parts of small/large intestine
• What are the accessory organs? 


  pancreas, liver, gallbladder, teeth, tongue
• What are macronutrients?


  Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
• What are micronutrients?


  vitamins, minerals, water
• Where are vitamins digested?


  Small intestine
• Where are minerals digested?


  Small intestine
• What are vitamins?


  Micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal functions