TOUR 24

• Tourism Policy


  A set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives, and development or promotion objectives and strategies that provide framework within which the collective, as well as individual decisions directly affecting long-term tourism development and the daily activities within a destination are taken
• Tourism Planning


  1. Gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize current tourism development issues (situation analysis)

  2. Imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination (vision, goals, and objectives setting)

  3. Choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them (strategy formulation)
• Vision


  A desired future state of the destination
• Goals


  Broad-based targets for tourism; qualitatively stated
• Objectives


  SMART targets; quantitatively stated
• Strategies


  Broad statement of methods by which objectives will be achieved
• Action or implementation plan

  Details of how the strategies will be implemented
• Tourism Planning Dimensions - Levels

  • International
  • National
  • Regional
  • Provincial
  • Municipal/City
  • Site level
• Tourism Planning Dimensions - Time frame

  • Short-term (2 years or less)
  • Medium-term (2–5 years)
  • Long-term (more than 5 years)
• Tourism Planning Dimensions - Scope

  • Physical plan (structure plan and the transportation infrastructure plan)
  • Environmental management plan
  • Conservation management plan
  • Entrepreneurship development plan
  • Institutional framework plan
  • Human resource development plan
  • Marketing plan
  • Investment promotion plan
• Spatial units


  • Tourist site
  • Tourist development area (TDA)
  • Tourism cluster
  • Tourism circuit
  • Tourism corridor
• Tourist Site


  An area that contains one or more tourist attractions
• Tourist Attraction


  A physical or cultural feature of a particular place that individual travellers or tourists perceive as capable of meeting one or more of their specific leisure-related needs, or positive or favourable attributes of an area for a given activity or a set of activities as desired by a given customer or market, including climate, scenery, activities, and culture
• Categories of Attraction


  • Geophysical-landscape- aesthetic
  • Ecological-biological
  • Cultural-historical
  • Recreational
• Tourism Development Area (TDA)


  An area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist sites, or any town or city that has one or more tourist sites
• Tourism Cluster


  Composed of two or more TDAs
• Tourism Circuit


  A route involving at least three major tourist destinations which are located in different towns, villages, or cities, with common characteristics or themes
• Tourism Corridor


  A route defined by a theme (e.g., Silk Road Heritage Corridor, a civilization) spanning several countries or even continents
• Tourism Destination


  A tourism development unit, regardless of the area, number, and levels of political units involved
• Philippine Tourism Cluster


  • Batanes, Cagayan Coast, and Babuyan Island
  • Laoag-Vigan
  • Sierra Madre
  • Cordillera
  • Lingayen Gulf
  • Central Luzon
  • Metro Manila and CALABARZON
  • Bicol
  • Marinduque-Mindoro-Romblon
  • Palawan
  • Western Visayas
  • Central Visayas
  • Eastern Visayas
  • Surigao-Dinagat Island
  • Agusan River Basin
  • Cagayan de Oro Coast and Hinterland
  • Zamboanga Peninsula
  • Davao Gulf and Coast
  • Cotabato-Sarangani
  • ARMM
• Tourism Characteristics and Planning Implications

  • Composite product
  • Intangible
  • With long gestation periods
  • Capital intensive
  • Culture and nature as its main assets
  • Subject to external forces
  • Exerts impacts
  • Dynamic and competitive
  • Involves stakeholders
• Benefits of tourism planning
• Factors for effective tourism planning and development


  • Availability of tourism-relevant data
  • Availability of tourism planning expertise
  • Type and variety of tourism resources
  • Culture of the destination residents
  • Geographic location and spatial distribution of tourism development units
  • Target markets
  • Stage in tourism area life cycle (TALC)
  • Tourism development paradigm
  • National tourism policy and legislation
  • Perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders
  • Awareness of external forces
  • Financial capital requirement
• Availability and quality of tourism-relevant data affect the level of accuracy of estimating supply capacity, forecasting demand, and monitoring outcomes
• Caliber of planning expertise determines the quality of planning outputs. Expertise can only be built over long years of education and professional experience
• Type and variety of tourism resources limit options for tourism product development. Destinations can capitalize on unique cultural or natural assets by developing tourism products around them
• How destinations may compete

  • Originality
  • Indigenousness
  • Authenticity
  • Uniqueness
  • Historicity
  • Magnitude
  • Excellence
• Culture of destination residents impacts the kind of tourists attracted to it
• Geographic location and spatial distribution of tourism development units have direct impacts on climate, security, vulnerability to natural disasters and infrastructure requirements
• Climate affects the seasonality of tourism, the range of activities that can be offered to the tourists, the kinds of foods available, and the types of buildings that can be constructed
• Location affects real and perceived security
• Spatial distribution affects cost of travel, duration of tours, and cost of providing utilities and public services
• Target markets influence the kind of amenities and services that are offered in the destination
• Stages in Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)

  • Exploration
  • Involvement
  • Development
  • Consolidation
  • Stagnation
  • Decline/rejuvenation
• Doxey Irridex Model suggests that residents' attitudes toward tourism deteriorate from euphoria in the introduction stage to apathy in the growth stage, irritation in the maturity stage, and antagonism in the decline stage of tourism development
• Tourism Development Paradigm


  Defines the choice of issues, goals, and strategies of tourism development
• Pro-poor tourism paradigm: Poverty alleviation is the focal mission of tourism development
• Features of Philippine Tourism Policy (RA 9593)


  • Nationalist orientation
  • Sustainable tourism development
  • Ecologically sustainable, responsible, participative, culturally sensitive, economically viable, and ethically and socially equitable for local communities
  • International target markets
  • Tourism product diversification
  • Private sector participation and focus on agri-tourism
• Perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders affect the degree of support the stakeholders give to tourism development
• Awareness of external forces

  • Socio-cultural
  • Technological
  • Environmental
  • Economic
  • Political