tramatodes

• Lung Fluke

  • Common name: Paragonimus westermani - oriental lung fluke
  • 1st IH: Snails (brotia asperata, sundathelpusa philippina)
  • 2nd IH: Crabs
  • Egg: Unembryonated, operculated
  • Adult: Very prominent operculum, flattened with shoulders, thickened abopercular portion, reddish brown, coffee bean shape, subterminal oral suckers
• Intestinal Fluke

  • Common name: Fasciolopsis buski - giant intestinel fluke
  • 1st IH: Snails (Segmentina, Hippeutis)
  • 2nd IH: Aquatic plants (water caltrop)
  • Egg: Unembryonated, operculated, oblong, large, presence of operculum
  • Adult: Elongated, oval shape, duodenum, don't have cephalic cone, testes are dendritic
• Heterophyid flukes

  • 1st IH: Water snails (melania, juncea, thiara riquetti)
  • 2nd IH: Fresh brackish water fish
  • Egg: Embryonated, operculated, light brown, ovoid, operculum fits in the shell, does not have an abopercular protuberance
  • Adult: Elongated, oval, pyriform, tegument with fine scale-like spines
• Liver Fluke

  • Common name: Fasciola hepatica (Temperate liver fluke or "sheep liver fluke")
  • 1st IH: Snails (lymeae spp)
  • 2nd IH: Kangkong, water cress
  • Egg: Unembryonated, operculated, broadly ellipsoidal, yellowish to brownish color, containing large unsegmented mass of vitellin cells
  • Adult: Large, broad, flat body, 18-51 by 4-13mm, cephalic cone - marked widening at the base of the cone, "shoulder"
• Fasciola gigantica


  • Common name: Tropical liver fluke
  • Egg: Same as Fasciola hepatica
  • Adult: Longer, 25-75 by 3-12mm, less developed shoulders & shorter cephalic cone, ovary - branches are longer
• Chlonorchis sinensis


  • Common name: Chinese liver fluke
  • 1st IH: Snails (Farafossarus, Bulimus, Alocinma, Thiara, Melanoides)
  • 2nd IH: Fish (Cyprinidae)
  • Egg: Embryonated, operculated, yellowish brown, ovoid, convex operculum, presence of distinct shoulders, presence of small knob opposite operculum
  • Adult: Leaflike with transparent tegument, narrow than the mid portion of the body, lacks spines on its tegument, testes - 2 large branched, ovaries - small; 3 lobes
• Opisthorchis felineus

  • Common name: Cat liver fluke
  • 1st IH: Snail (Bithynia)
  • 2nd IH: Fish (cyprinidia & cobitidae)
  • Egg: Embryonated, operculated, similar to C. sinensis
• Opisthorchis viverrini

  • Common name: Southeast Asian liver fluke
• Schistosoma mansoni

  • Common name: Mansons blood fluke
  • Location: Inferior mesenteric vein of lower colon
  • 1st IH: Snail (Biomphalaria)
  • Egg: Elongate, prominent lateral spine, acid fast positive
  • Adult: The male worms resemble a "rolled leaf" where they bear the longer and more slender female in a ventral canal. Male worms are robust and tuberculate. The female residing in a gynecophoral canal within the male and are longer (7-17 mm in length) and slender
• Schistosoma japonicum


  • Common name: Oriental blood fluke
  • Location: Superior mesenteric vein of small intestine
  • 1st IH: Snail (Oncemelania hupensis)
  • Egg: Oval, minute lateral spine, acid-fast positive
• Schistosoma haematobium

  • Common name: Urinary schistosome/bladder fluke
  • Location: Vein of the urinary bladder
  • 1st IH: Snail (Bulinus)
  • Egg: Elongate, terminal spine, acid-fast negative
• Schistosoma mekongi

  • 1st IH: Snail (Lithoglyphopsis)
  • Egg: Subspherical, minute lateral spine
• Schistosoma intercalatum

  • 1st IH: Snail (Bulinus)
  • Egg: Elongate, terminal spine, acid-fast positive