Structure & Function (Brain)

• cortex - is the outermost layer of

  brain cells. Thinking and voluntary

  movements begin in the cortex.
• brain stem - is between the

  spinal cord and the rest of the brain.

  Basic functions like breathing and

  sleep are controlled here.
• basal ganglia - are a cluster of

  structures in the center of the brain.

  The basal ganglia coordinate

  messages between multiple other

  brain areas.
• cerebellum- is at the base and

  the back of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and

  balance.
• Hindbrain -consists of the

  medulla(myelencephalon), and

  the metencephalon (which

  contains the pons, and

  cerebellum). Running through

  the medulla and pons at the

  midline is the reticular

  formation, which helps control

  arousal.
• Midbrain - (also known as

  mesencephalon) contains the

  remaining section of the reticular

  formation, the periaqueductal

  gray, the red nucleus, the

  superior colliculi, the inferior

  colliculi, and the substantia nigra.
• Forebrain - is divided into the diencephalon and the telencephalon. The diencephalon

  contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. The telencephalon contains the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system structures.
• Frontal Lobe - responsible for problem solving, judgement and motor function
• Parietal Lobe - manage sensation, handwriting and body position
• Temporal Lobe - involved for memory and hearing
• Occipital Lobe - contain brain visual processing
• Synapse - from greek word "syn" it means together and "haptein" to clasp
• Structure of Synapse -The synapse comprises the presynaptic region, the synaptic cleft and the postsynaptic region. It is here that chemical transmission takes place between the neuron and the postsynaptic cell. It is thejunction between two neurons where neurons communicate by chemical means.

  The neuron that deliver stransmission is the presynaptic neuron, and the one that receives it is the postsynaptic neuron.
• Neurotransmission - convey a signal from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron across an open space known as a synapse
• How big synapse? - synapse are tiny you can't see it in your naked eye.
• How many synapse in the brain - 0.15 quadrillion