Concepts of Education in Relation to Health Care

• Health Education - is a process concerned with designing, implementing, and evaluating groups, organizations, and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting, and sustaining health.

  - Is also defined as any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health."
• Education for health - begins with people. It hopes to motivate them with whatever interests they may have in improving their living conditions. It aims to develop in them a sense of responsibility for health conditions for themselves as individuals, as members of families, and as communities.
• In communicable disease control - health education commonly includes an appraisal of what is known by a population about a disease,
• The Education Process - is a systematic, sequential, planned course of action with teaching and learning a its two major interdependent functions and the teacher and learner as they key players involved (Bastable 2003)
• Teaching - is a deliberate intervention involving the planning and implementation of instructional activities and experiences to meet the intended learner outcomes based on the teaching plans.
• Instruction - This is just one aspect of teaching, which involves communicating information about a specific skill (cognitive-affective or psychomotor) It is sometimes used interchangeably with teaching.
• Learning - This is a change in behavior (Knowledge, skills, and attitudes) that can occur at any time or in any place as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli.

  - Is an action by which knowledge, skills, and attitudes are consciously or unconsciously acquired and behavior is altered which can be seen or observed.
• Patient Education - I s a process of assisting people to learn health-related behaviors (knowledge, skills, attitudes, values) that can be incorporated into their everyday lives.
• Staff Education - amidst all these mandates and requirements that a nurse as a health educator faces is necessary to be knowledgeable about the principles of teaching and learning.
• The Three (3) pillars of the teaching process are the:

  1. Teatcher
  2. Learner
  3. Subject-matter
• Nursing process - focuses on planning and implementation of care based on the assessment and diagnosis of the patient's physical and psychosocial needs.
• Education Process - identifies instructional content and methods based on an assessment of the client's learning needs, readiness to learn, and learning styles;
• According to Wagner and Ash (1998), "The role of the educator is not primarily to teach, but to promote learning and to provide for an environment conducive to learning to create the teachable moment rather than just wait for it to happen."
• The ASSURE MODEL - This is a guide to assist teachers in making instructional materials.
• Analyze the learner - identify who your learners are based on:

  1. General characteristics like age, highest educational attainment or grade level, socioeconomic factors, ethnicity, and culture.
  2. Specific learner competencies like knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding the topic
• State - the objectives using SMART (SPECIFIC, MEASURERABLE, ATTAINABLE, REALISTIC, AND TIME-BOUND) based on the course syllabus.
• Select - the instructional media and materials by:

  1. Selecting the available materials
  2. Modifying existing materials
  3. Designing, revising, or making new materials.
• Use - the materials and the instructional media by:

  1. Review the materials and maximize the use of materials.
  2. Practicing the use of materials and the instructional media
  3. Preparing the classroom, equipment, and facilities.
  4. Presenting the materials using your skills and teaching styles.
• Require - learner participants by preparing activities that will encourage students to respond and actively participate; the teacher should give appropriate feedback to the student's responses.
• Evaluate - and revise, to evaluate the effectiveness of the presentation, the following questions may be asked:

  1. was the visual material able to help me make a clear, coherent, and interesting presentation?
  2. Was it able to help me meet the objectives of the lesson?
  3. Was it able to help the learners/trainees meet the objectives of the lesson?
• Luker & Caress (1989)-article on "Rethinking Patient Education," - suggested that it is unreasonable to expect every nurse to teach when they have only had basic nursing education.
• The role of education is not primarily to teach, but to:

  Promote learning

  Provide an environment conducive to learning - create a teachable moment rather than just waiting for it to happen ( Wagner & Ash, 1998).
• The difference between:

  Patient teaching - implies a didactic information-fiving approach.

  Patient education - implies something more comprehensive, for which specialist skills ls are required.
• The historical evolution of teaching as an essential role of the nurse traces its roots to the mid 1800s through the initiative and efforts of Florence Nightingale, - The mother of modern nursing and founder of the first school of nursing.
• Role of the nurse as a health Educator: (G-F-C-C)

  1. Giver of information
  2. Facilitator of learning
  3. Coordinator of teaching
  4. Client advocate
• Effective teachers are: (C-C-I)

  1. Committed - that is, they don't watch the clock, they go the extra mile, and work long hours
  2. Creative - meaning they stimulate intellectual inquisitiveness, as well as, exploratory and critical thinking.
  3. Intuitive - meaning the teacher can identify the student's predominant style of intelligence, and based on this knowledge, the teacher can build on the student's strengths.
• Six (6) HALLMARKS of Good or Effective Teaching in Nursing (Jacobsen) (P-D-T-E-A)

  1. Possession of skillful interpersonal relationships
  2. Desirable personal characteristics
  3. Teaching practices
  4. Evaluation practices
  5. Availability to students
• Seven (7) Principles of GOOD PRACTICE TEACHING in undergraduate education. ( E-E-S-G-E-C-R)

  1. Encourage
  2. Elicit
  3. Students should engage in active learning
  4. Giving prompt feedback
  5. Emphasizing time
  6. Communicating higher expectations
  7. Respecting the diverse talents and ways
• ASSURE model ACRONYM which stands for:

  1. Analyze
  2. State
  3. Select
  4. Use
  5. Require
  6. Evaluate and revise
• Florence Nightingale - She founded the School of Nursing at St. Thomas in London on June 15, 1860, which trained and taught nurses, physicians, and health officials on the importance of manipulating the environment so that nature can act on the patient in his recovery and healing process.
• Florence Nightingale's ideas were published in two books which are "Note on Nursing" and "Notes on Hospitals."