juvenile

• Juvenile delinquency


  Youth behavior against the norms and regulations of society, may lead to criminality if left unchecked
• Juvenile


  A person below the age of majority, that is, below 18 years old, or who is unable to fully take care of himself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of physical or mental disability or conditions
• Juvenile delinquent


  Youthful offenders who have been adjudicated as such by the court of proper jurisdiction
• RA 6809 "EMANCIPATION LAW" - LOWERING THE OF MAJORITY 18 (Age of majority → noon ay 21 → ngayon ay 18)
• Age of majority


  Starts at the age of eighteen (18) years
• Emancipation


  Freedom from parental authority (PATRIA POTESTAS), both over his person and property. Happens upon reaching the age of eighteen years.
• Loco parentis


  Secondary parents
• Status offenses


  Certain acts or omissions which may not be punishable socially or legally if committed by adults but become anti-social or illegal because the offender is a minor, such as: truancy, use of profane language, running away from home, smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, disobedience to parents, guardians or school officials, mendicancy or begging in the streets, association with delinquent gangs, or curfew violations
• Anti-social behavior


  Characterized by disobedience to, or disrespect to authorities
• Parens patriae


  A doctrine that does not consider delinquent acts as criminal violation. Thus, making delinquents non-criminal persons and cannot be found guilty of a crime and punished like an adult criminal. It views minor who violates laws as victims of improper care, custody, and treatment at home. It is the assumption by the State of the role of guardian over children whose parents are deemed incapable or unworthy. It is the authority of the state to act on behalf of the children.
• Family immunity doctrine


  Legal doctrine preventing unemancipated children from suing their parents
• Family purpose doctrine


  Legal doctrine holding parents liable for injuries caused by a child's negligent driving or other actions
• Foster care


  Temporary care funded via Federal-State pass through and arranged by a child welfare agency in order to allow receipt of adequate food, clothing, shelter, education, and medical treatment for anyone raising a child that is not their own
• Guardian ad litem


  Refers to adults who look after the welfare of a child and represent their legal interests
• Types of delinquency


  • Environmental delinquents - Characterized by occasional law-breaking
  • Emotionally maladjusted delinquents - Characterized by chronic law-breaking; a habit which this type cannot avoid or escape from
  • Psychiatric delinquents - Characterized by serious emotional disturbances within the individual and in some cases associated with tendencies towards mental illness
• Types of delinquent youth

  • Social - An aggressive youth who resents authority of anyone who tries to control his behavior
  • Neurotic - One who has internalized his conflicts and is preoccupied with his own feelings
  • Asocial - One whose delinquent acts have a cold, brutal and vicious quality for which the youth feel no remorse
  • Accidental - One who is essentially sociable and law-abiding but happens to be at the wrong time and place and becomes involved in delinquent acts not typical of his general behavior
• The course covers the study of the nature of juvenile delinquency and provides understanding on the factors that causes delinquency and its effect to the individual and to the society. Further, it provides knowledge on how to handle a juvenile who was involve in doing criminal acts and the procedures applied by the different agencies in apprehending, prosecuting, sentencing, and rehabilitating juvenile offenders for the administration of the juvenile justice system.
• MARTIN LUTHER KING,JR: 'CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IS AGAINTS THE BEST JUDGEMENT OF MODERN CRIMINOLOGY AND, ABOVE ALL, AGAINST THE HIGHEST EXPRESSION OF LOVE IN THE NATURE OF GOD'
• a child under the age of ten cannot be charged with an offence, but can still be held accountable through other means such as parental discipline or intervention by social services.
• a child under the age of 7 cannot be held accountable for their actions
• the age of criminal responsibility is 10 years old
• the purpose of the juvenile court is to protect and rehabilitate young people rather than punish them
• In some states, children as young as seven can be arrested and taken into custody for certain crimes.
• In many countries, including the United States, there is a separate legal system for children called Juvenile Court.
• A person between the ages of 15 and 21 may be tried as a juvenile if they are accused of committing a crime while younger than 18.
• juveniles are not tried in front of a jury like adults
• LDT


  Legal Detection of Truth
• Dr Hans Gross


  Father of criminalistics
• Lie


  Falsehood (false impression) or a false statement made deliberately. It refers to anything that deceives or creates a false impression.
• Lying


  Uttering or conveying falsehood or creating a false or misleading impression with the intention of affecting wrongful the acts, opinion or affection of another.
• Deceit


  Intentional act, intended to foster in another person a belief or understanding which the deceiver considers as false.
• Deception


  Act of deceiving or misleading usually accomplished by lying.
• Psychophysiology


  New science that combines the knowledge in psychology and physiology mostly for purposes of detecting deception.
• Pre test interview


  Initial questioning of the person being tested to verify if he is telling the truth
• Data/chart collection


  Recording the psychophysiological reactions of a person while being questioned
• Evaluation or interpretation


  Scientific interpretation of the person's reactions by trained experts
• 5 w's and 1 H

  • What
  • When
  • Where
  • Who
  • Why
  • How
• 3 I's


  • Information gathering
  • Interview/interrogation
  • Instrumentation
• Information gathering


  Through record check, surveillance and intelligence check
• Interview/interrogation


  Through interrogation and/or interview to obtain admission or confession