RPH Midterms

• Historians always revise history as new facts or data always present themselves.
• The Spanish Government built Fort Santiago as part of Intramuros during the colonization of Manila in the late 1500s. It was used as ammunition storage before being converted into a prison cell.
• The old name of the place where the three secular priests--Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomes and Jacinto Zamora executed in 1872, which is the Bagumbayan.
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar is among the Filipino Propagandists during the Spanish era wrote "Dasalan at Tocsohan."
• The Babaylan's knowledge of the spiritual aspect gave them the strength and freedom to perform their role in the ancient barangay. They were the women who presided over the spiritual ceremonies before the arrival of the Spaniards.
• The Death March that happened on April 9, 1942, the Japanese transferred the surrendered American and Filipino soldiers to Camp O'Donell in Capas, Tarlac. They walk from Bataan to Tarlac without rest, food or drink. Five thousand died from disease or wounds or were killed by bayonet stabbing.
• History is derived from the Greek noun ἱστορία (historia) = learning; Inquiry. Which means “the past of mankind”
• History is a sum total of what happened in the past – every event, every action, and every thought that a human being has done.
• History is a chronological record of significant events, the study of past events
• Edward Hallett Carr was an English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist
• According to Carr, history is the continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past
• Zeus Salazar, a Filipino historian and proponent of Pantayong Pananaw, a self-reflective view in the study of Philippine history
• According to Salazar, history is "Salaysay na may saysay para sa sinasalaysayang grupo ng tao (Relevant stories/narrative of the people)"
• Studying history allows us to leap across epochs, rediscover forgotten cultures, step into the lives of past individuals, and experience a time-traveling sensation through imagination.
• Peter Stearns was chair of the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University. In addition, he founded and edited the Journal of Social History.
• According to Stearns, studying history helps us understand people, societies, and the evolution of our current social structures, contributing to moral understanding, identity formation, and fostering good citizenship.
• Historical reconstruction involves the removal of certain events through investigative processes, with historians relying on surviving records for their analysis.
• The historical method involves techniques for researching history, including analyzing sources for authenticity and resolving conflicts between accounts.
• Key elements in historical method include selecting a subject, gathering potential sources, scrutinizing their authenticity, and extracting credible details.
• Historiography encompasses the art of writing and the theory of historical writing, involving the imaginative reconstruction of the past based on data derived from historical methods.
• Teodoro Agoncillo is the Father of Filipino nationalist historiography. He wrote about the historical conditions of the Philippines by analyzing the state of the masses.
• History of the Filipino People, Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic and The Revolt of the Masses are some of the books written by Teodoro Agoncillo.
• The issues with "Sa Aking mga Kababata" in Philippine historiography include the fact that it was not written by Rizal and its language is not appropriate for the period.
• History can be biased if the sources is bias. The historians must not be influenced by the process of historical reconstruction in order to produce accurate history.
• Debates in Philippine historiography exist over the 1896 Revolution's spread. Traditional views suggest rapid expansion, but some argue for Pampanga's loyalty to Spain and Pangasinan's non-involvement.
• The historical record is subject to change when historians utilize new or existing historical evidence to change a current interpretation of historical reality.
• Historians cannot write credible history in the absence of evidence.
• The way history is written is influenced by the perspectives, beliefs, and values of those recording it.
• Historians use a specific process known as the Historical Method to ensure the accuracy and reliability of historical accounts.
• Historians rely on surviving records when doing historical methodology and historiography.
• Historical sources, whether tangible artifacts or testimonies, form the foundation upon which historians construct their depiction of the past.
• Maps, as primary sources, are utilized to depict locations and topography, revealing the utilization of space and geography to emphasize trade routes, travel paths, and structural development.
• Photographs are primary sources that offer visual insights into historical events, places, and everyday life, reflecting social conditions and historical realities.
• Sketches and drawings from past societies serve as primary sources, offering insights into the conditions of life during those times.
• Primary sources include drawings and cartoons, often used for political expression or propaganda.
• Primary sources include paintings and other artworks, which offer visual representations based on the artist's expression or interpretation of events and ideas.
• Examples of primary sources include artifacts, which are objects made by human beings such as art, tools, and clothing from any time and place, as well as the remains of such objects.
• Fossils and subfossils are preserved remains of ancient life, dating back over 10,000 years, providing insights into past organisms.
• A newspaper is a primary source, typically issued daily or weekly, containing news articles, feature pieces, advertisements, and correspondence within folded, unstapled sheets.
• "Manila Alegre, a satirical periodical, serves as a primary source with its publication of the first comic strips in the Philippines."