Lesson 1

• Social Organization is composed of people assigned to perform definite task
• Social Status is the members' position or ranks in the hierarchy of power
• Social Structure refers to the independent network of roles and the hierarchy of status
• Social role refers to the sum of behavior expectations and activities associated with a social position in which a holder is supposed to carry out and perform
• Social Function a component of social organization which refers to the results of actions that occur in relation to particular structure
• Three forms of social groups:

  • Social Groups
  • Political Organization
  • Cultural Institution
• Based on structure:

  • Primary - members act naturally (example: family and church)
  • Secondary - members action are limited ( committee and officemate)
• Based on Organization:

  • Formal - intentionally formed and planned
  • Informal - formed unplanned
• Based on Membership:

  • Open - inclusive  ( Dance Club, Public Forum )
  • Close - exclusive ( Political party, All boys schools )
• Based on Purpose:

  • Interest - formed for the purpose of promoting the interest, trade, and well-being of its members (ex. guild, labor unions)
  • Pressure - formed to influence the public views (ex. Militant Groups, Advocacy Groups)
  • Task Group - formed for a completion of task
• Based on Perspective:

  • In-group - have a sense of loyalty and solidarity
  • Out-group - perceived to be apart from others
  • Minority - relatively less dominant
  • Reference - not necessarily a member but they serve a comparative basis for self- evaluation
• Social Cluster
• Aggregate - this are the number of persons who come together without interacting
• Social Category 


  An agglomeration where members posses the same characteristics but do not interact socially
• Temporary Groups 


  clusters of people interacting with each other but the interactions are short-lived and temporary ( ex. crowds, masses, public)
• Factors that influence groups: 


  Motivational base shared by individuals - people may group base on their needs, insecurities, and interest.

  Size of the group - the size of the group may range from 2 to million people

  Type of group goals - frequently understood that the structural patterns of social groups are affected by their goals.

  The kind of group cohesion - refers to the extent which members of a group have the capability to function and interact collectively in the direction of their goals
• Human Dignity

  The foundation of all rights that inherent and inborn
• Human Rights 


  Is the natural all human beings whatever their nationality, religion and ethnicity and gender. It is an inalienable right that protects our dignity as a human being
• Natural Rights 


  Are rights inherent to man or women and given to him or her by God as human being

  Ex. Right to live, love, and be happy
• Constitutional Rights 


  Are rights guaranteed under fundamental charter of the country
• Statutory Rights 


  Are rights provided by the lawmaking body of the country or law

  Examples: right to receive a minimum wage
• Civil Rights 


  Are rights special under the Bill of Right
• Economic Rights 


  Right to property whether real, personal or intellectual
• Political Rights 


  Are the rights person enjoys because of being a member body politics
• Economic Institutions 


  Specific organization that provides goods and services for the people
• Economic Transactions 


  It could be a market and non-market transaction such as reciprocity, transfer, and redistribution with government intervention
• Enculturation 


  The process where the individual trys to learn the culture
• Socialization 


  It is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of societies
• Two types of Socialization

  • Primary - refers to molding of members according to norms and rule of the group
  • Secondary - the individual uses what he or she has learned from primary socialization
• Agents of Socialization

  • Family
  • Peer Group
  • Institutional Agents
  • Mass Media
  • Church