Philo Test 3 Basics Review

• Substance Power Action

  1. Reality: (forward) The manner in which substance underlies power, which underlies action, which is directed to an object
  2. Knowing: (backward) The manner in which we know substance by way of its powers, which we know by way of actions, which we know by way of their objects
• External Senses

  5 senses: Touch, Taste, Smell, Hearing, Sight
• Internal Senses, which are divided into four ( external )

  1. Common Sense, which concerns what is known by the five senses as present ( a single sense experience)
  2. Imagination, which concerns what is known by the five senses as absent ( phantasm, a bag of different types of triangles stored in your mind)
• Internal Senses, which are divided into four ( beyond external, 5 senses )

  1. Estimative Power (instinct)( called cogitative power (reason + instinct) in human beings) which concerns, something beyond what is known by the five senses, such as what is advantageous or disadvantageous as present
  2. Memory, which concerns something beyond what is known by the five senses, such as what is advantageous or disadvantageous ( sudden recall or reminiscing ) as absent
• Sensible Appetite

  Appetite is divided into natural ( which is what a natural body does, ex: your body is naturally inclined to heal itself when you are cut) and conscience ( which is when you are aware of what you are doing)

  Conscience is then distinguished into:

  • Sensitive ( or the passions/emotions) ( you want to eat steak )
  • Intellect/the Will ( rational (humans), moving towards something bc of reason )
• Sensible appetite is divided into Concupiscible and Irascible

  1. Concupiscible, which concerns the simple good or simple bad, and has impulse, movement, and rest, resulting in six actions

  Six Actions: Simple Good: Love (Impulse), Desire (Movement), and Enjoyment (Rest),

  Simple Bad: Hate (Impulse), Aversion (Movement), and Displeasure/Sorrow (Rest)
• 2. Irascible, which concerns the difficult good or difficult bad. The difficulty has to do with the stage of movement, either the good has some obstacle making it difficult to attain, or the bad has something making it difficult to avoid.

  Concerning the Difficult Good: Movement toward is hope and Movement away is despair

  Concerning the Difficult Bad: Movement toward is braving and Movement away is fear

  Anger concerns being stuck with a difficult, bad thing
• Intellect ( in regards to how a being is able to reason ) is divided into:

  Active: Maker, what abstracts the similarities, leaving out the differences

  Passive: Made, understanding by reason, by which you know

  • 3 Acts of the Mind
  • Simple Understanding / Apprehension: term/phrase
  • Combining and Dividing: Positive or Negative Sentences
  • Reasoning: Argument ( A pizza is a triangle because ... )