Module 6.1

• Regular Priests


  Majority of priests in the Philippines, belonging to religious orders like Jesuits, Augustinians, Dominicans
• "prayle"


  Term signifying the authority and association of regular priests with Spanish colonial power
• Regular priests were seen as representatives of Spanish authority and often wielded significant influence in both religious and secular matters
• Secular Priests


  Priests who did not belong to any order
• In the 17th century, Filipinos were allowed to become secular priests due to a shortage caused by the expulsion of Jesuits
• A royal decree in 1774 gave control of parishes to Filipino secular priests, but it was repealed in 1776 because of opposition from the friars
• "Filipinization"


  The idea of giving more control of churches to locals
• Secular priests, like Fr. Pedro Pelaez, organized to regain control of their parishes
• The shift in the church reflected broader changes in Filipino society towards asserting their own identity and autonomy
• The efforts of secular priests were part of a larger movement for Filipino empowerment and self-determination, laying the groundwork for later nationalist movements
• The Propaganda Movement would be the heir of the movement of the Filipino clergy (struggle of Filipino priests)
• Cavite Mutiny


  Rebellion of Filipino officers against Spanish arsenal
• The priests (GomBurZa) were convicted and sentenced to die by garrote vil during the "Reign of Terror" under Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
• Socioeconomic developments in the 19th century saw the rise of the ilustrado class - wealthy, educated Filipinos exposed to political thought abroad
• The leaders of the Propaganda Movement were Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena
• The Propaganda Movement campaigned for reforms such as the Philippines being a province of Spain, secularization of parishes, freedom of speech, and Philippine representation in the Cortes
• The writings of the Propagandists reflected the actual conditions of the country, fostering a feeling of empathy among the people (Nationalism and Print Capitalism theory of Benedict Anderson)
• Jose P. Rizal as Simoun (June 1888): '"I believe it is too late; the Filipinos have already lost the hopes they placed in Spain! Now we await our fate from God and ourselves but never again from any government!"'
• Jose P. Rizal as Padre Florentino (January 1889): '"We desire the happiness of the Philippines but we want to obtain it by noble and just means for reason is on our side and we should not therefore do anything evil. If, to make my country happy, I had to act vilely, I would refuse to do so because I am sure that what is built on sand will collapse sooner or later... If it were impossible to overcome our enemies now, another day will dawn, another day will come, atheists must be a God of justice; otherwise we would turn atheists."'
• Rizal had basic disagreements with the methods used by Marcelo H. del Pilar
• Who are the GomBurZa? Give me the Full Name

  Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora
• Natives trained as secular priests