Lecture 9

• Three stages of signalling in Cells

  Reception: A signalling molecule bonds to a receptor protein on the cell surface or inside the cell

  Transduction: The binding event triggers a series of molecule changes within the cell, often involving signalling pathways and cascades

  Response: The signal is relayed and leads to the specific cellular response, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, or changes in cell behaviour
• Signal Molecule Producing a Large Cellular Response

  The signalling molecules bind with the receptor. Which then activates a relay molecule

  The relay molecule activates other proteins which leads to a cascade of proteins being activated

  This step requires energy and can lead to a signal amplification and can therefore produce a large cellular response