sts

• The early Filipinos are believers of superstition and as such they practice animism. Said spirits are called diwata. Having believed that these spirits accompany them in their daily lives and somehow control what occurs in their surroundings, the early Filipinos fully rely on them and as such, would solely observe natural phenomena on the basis of these superstitious beliefs.
• Baybayin


  The early Filipino script that they used
• Although the Filipinos knew how to read and write in their own system, this was mainly used for messages and letters. They seem not to have developed a written literary tradition at that time.
• Barangays


  A number of geographically scattered, self-sufficient, autonomous communities present all over the archipelago long before the Spaniards came
• Barangays were essentially subsistence economies producing mainly what they needed but with exception to those early Filipinos who are involved in trades. In a subsistence economy, goods are produced for oneself or one's family and not to sold to make a profit.
• Tools made from Minerals; Pottery

  • For about 40,000 years, they made simple tools or weapons of stone flakes but eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling and polishing hard stones
  • By about 3,000 B.C., they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery of various designs
• Transportation

  • Filipinos had also learned to build boats for the coastal trade
  • By the tenth century A.D., this had become a highly developed technology
  • The early Spanish chroniclers took note of the refined warship called caracoa
  • These boats were well suited for inter-island trade raids
  • By the tenth century A.D., the inhabitants of Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam); those of Ma-i (Mindoro) with China
• Agriculture

  • They were growing crops such as rice, cotton, and other vegetables
  • They were also able to domesticate swine, goats, and fowls
  • Lowland rice was cultivated in diked fields and in the interior mountain regions as in the Cordillera, in terraced fields which utilized spring water
• Settlements

  • Settlements along the coastal areas which had been exposed to foreign trade and cultural contacts such as Manila, Mindoro, Cebu, Southern Mindanao and Sulu
  • Mountain settlements
• Products

  • Raising swine, goats and fowls
  • Making wine, vinegar and salt
  • Weaving cloth and producing beeswax and honey
  • Growing rice, vegetables and cotton
• Beeswax


  The material the bees used to construct the walls of their hives, this material was historically used in creating statues, bronze preservation, and even treating burns and wounds
• Other Tools

  • Copper (for table display)
  • Porcelain jars (for storage of food and other materials)
  • Iron (used in warfare called Lantaka)
  • Handwoven blankets
• The beginnings of modern science and technology in the Philippines can be traced to the Spanish regime. The Spaniards established schools, hospitals and started scientific research and these had important consequences for the rise of the country's professions.
• Primary instruction during the Spanish regime was generally taken care of by the missionaries and parish priests in the villages and towns, as such, primary education was highly religious in nature.
• Higher education was provided by schools set up by the different religious orders in the urban centers, most of them in Manila. Access to these schools was, however, limited to the elite of the colonial society -- the Europeanborn and local Spaniards, the mestizos and a few native Filipinos.
• Reduccion System

  A system in which barangays were organized into fewer but larger more compact towns within the area of church bells
• Cabeza de Barangay


  The leader or chief of a barangay, appointed from among the native nobility
• The Manila School of Agriculture was created by royal decree in 1887 but it was able to open only in July 1889. The School was designed to provide theoretical and practical education of skilled farmers and overseers and to promote agricultural development in the Philippines by means of observation, experiment and investigation.
• There was very little development in Philippine agriculture and industry during the first two centuries of Spanish rule. This was largely due to the dependence of the Spanish colonizers on the profits from the Galleon or Manila-Acapulco trade, which lasted from 1565 to 1813.
• Thomasite


  An American teacher teaching Filipino elementary students
• The Philippine Normal School established by the Americans became training ground for Filipino teachers. A normal school is one that is created to train high school graduates to be excellent teachers.
• The country remained an exporter to U.S. of various agricultural crops and raw materials and an importer of U.S. manufactured products. This is because of the free trade relations established between the two nations, which halted the country's industrialization.
• Americans were the ones who established the University of the Philippines. During the American occupation, it was the only publicly-supported higher education institution.
• The Americans established the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands (NRCP) in 1933 for the promotion of scientific research in the country.
• The Commonwealth period marked the beginning of the country's transformation to a politically independent nation. But regardless, this period brought about the birth of several government corporations that are still standing up to this day, such as the National Economic Council, National Power Corporation, and National Abaca and other Fibers corporation.
• The goal of the Commonwealth period for the Philippines to achieve economic self-reliance was not attained, as foreign trade policies were still controlled by the Americans during this time, and the Japanese troops came in the country creating yet another chaos in our society.
• Department of Education (DepEd)

  The major role of DepEd is to supervise the academic institutions under the basic education and to create policies for the welfare of Filipino students in basic education.
• Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

  The DOST was established in response to increasing demands for S&T intervention in national development. Its main goals are to meet the increasing demands for intervention of science and technology in national development, pursue the local capability for technological self-reliance, and encourage greater private sector participation in S & T development.
• Existing Programs Supported by the Philippine Government

  • Funding for basic research
  • Scholarships for undergraduate and graduate students in priority fields
  • Establishment of more branches of Philippine Science High School system
  • Balik Scientist Program to contract science and technology experts to return and work in the Philippines
  • K-12 Program to provide students with sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship
• Science


  An empirical field, a systematized body of knowledge covering general truths and facts, our most effective way of understanding the natural world
• Empirical


  • Based on experience, using empirical evidence not just theory, using the senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)
• The Scientific Method

  1. Observe

  2. Question

  3. Hypothesis

  4. Plan

  5. Collect Data

  6. Analyze

  7. Conclusion

  8. Communicate
• Science covers general truths and facts through observation and experimentation
• Technology


  An applied science, a body of knowledge and skills by which we control and modify the world
• Technology is not always the application of scientific knowledge, it can also be discovered by chance or through trial and error
• Modern winemaking is a product of the application of science, with the discovery of microorganisms involved in fermentation
• Society

  A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity
• Science aims to improve society


  Society demands more from science to further improve
• Society benefits from technology

  Technology makes life easier for society
• Technology demands more from science

  As new problems arise, technology needs to be improved, and science informs this