Module 1 - 2

• Architecture design


  The study of the history and reasons why such architecture is applied
• The study of architecture covers all aspects of human society
• History of Architecture


  The study of the changes that happen in architecture influenced by political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and military development
• Importance of History of Architecture

  • It should be looked at holistically (in its entirety) as the setting of architecture
  • It is environmentally sensitive design
• History of Architecture


  • It studies the conditions during those times that mold the specific architecture (the whys of architecture)
  • It looks at all the changes (there is no such thing as constant)
• History of Architecture is taught now to understand the reasons why such architecture design is applied
• History of Architecture gives a glimpse of the society in the past
• Architecture


  A cultural reflection of its time and where made for a purpose
• Significance and Relevance of History of Architecture

  • It helps understand the essence of architecture
  • It recognizes the importance of the natural environment in relation to the structure/project
  • It identifies the relevance
  • It learns from the mistakes of the past to guide in making wise decisions for the future
• Prehistoric Architecture


  • Paleolithic
  • Mesolithic
  • Neolithic
• Paleolithic Architecture


  • Way of communicating with spirits
  • Used branches and animal skins
  • Use of fire and stone tools
• Neolithic Architecture


  • Nomadic people/tribe, hunter/gatherer society
  • Developed farming, domestication, baskets, pottery, cooking, clothing
  • Dwellings of timber and mud, pitched roofs with thatch or turf
• Megalithic Structures


  • Menhir
  • Dolmen
  • Passage Grave
  • Cromlech
• Early humans arrived in the Americas from Asia via Beringia during the last Ice Age period
• Clovis Culture


  • Referred to a small group of early humans that settled in the Americas
  • Clovis Point was a tool used by them
• There is no single human history, there were at least 4 other human species around the last of which disappeared 10,000 years ago
• The development of the human brain and language allowed closer cooperation in larger groups
• Homo Habilis


  • Means 'handy man', took tools, questioned if it belonged to our genus (Homo)
• Homo Erectus


  • First indisputable member of our genus, had so much variation in fossils found
• The moment humans learned to construct writing, they started recording historical accounts
• Prehistoric Settlement Sites


  • Khirokitia in Cyprus
  • Skara Brae in Scotland
• Caral-Supe is recognized as the oldest known civilization in the Americas
• Olmecs


  • Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization that laid the foundation for later civilizations like the Aztecs
• Architecture design


  The study of the history and reasons why such architecture is applied
• The study of architecture covers all aspects of human society
• History of Architecture


  The study of the changes that happen in architecture influenced by political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and military development
• History of Architecture


  • It is an internal discipline practiced by historians who try to make sense of the past
  • It looks at all the changes (there is no such thing as constant)
• History of Architecture is important because it allows us to look at architecture holistically, understand the environmental sensitivity of design, and see how architecture reflects the community and society of its time
• History of Architecture is taught now to help us understand the essence of architecture, recognize the importance of the natural environment, identify the relevance of architecture, learn from past mistakes, and guide wise decisions for future projects
• Prehistoric Architecture


  Architecture from the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods
• Prehistoric Architecture


  • Menhir
  • Dolmen
  • Passage grave
  • Cromlech
• Early humans travelled from Beringia to the Americas along the western coast, with archaeological sites like Monte Verde and areas with Clovis points suggesting some of the oldest human settlements in the Americas
• Clovis culture


  A small group of early humans who settled in the Americas, named after the Clovis point tool they used
• There is no single human history, as there were at least 4 other human species around that disappeared 10,000 years ago
• Hominin


  • Group of human ancestors most closely related to us
  • Includes Homo Habilis, Homo Rudolfensis, Homo Erectus
• The definition of our human genus (Homo) has continuously changed based on lifestyle adaptations and fossil discoveries
• Early humans started developing a belief system and ways to communicate with the supernatural through drawings, paintings and petroglyphs
• The moment humans learned to construct writing, they started recording historical accounts and trade records, marking the beginning of recorded history
• Prehistoric settlements


  • Khirokitia
  • Skara Brae
• The earliest known civilizations in the Americas were the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations, with Caral-Supe recognized as the oldest known civilization in the Americas