BB lec semis

• “Not” a true blood group antigen because it is acquiredfromthebodytissues/Secretions

  LEWIS BLOOD GROUP
• Expression of the Lewis antigens are influenced by

  Hh and Sese genes
• ISBT #007 was discovered in what year?

  1946
• when was Anti-Le(b) was found

  1948
• Le gene is linked to

  Se and H genes
• 3 genes to produce the Lewis antigen

  H, Se, Le genes
• Le gene codes for L-fucosyltransferase which

  Adds fucose to N-acetylglucosamine of Type-1 precursor to form Leª

  Adds fucose to H structure to form Leᵇ
• Lewis antigen can be also found on

  Lymphocytes and platelets
• from genetic interaction of LeLe and Sese genes

  Lewis Le(a-b+)
• Leª substance is secreted regardless of secretor status

  Lewis Le(a+b-)
• Lewis antigens are resistant

  Ficin and Papain, Dithiothreitol, and Glycine-acid EDTA
• Do not cause HDFN

  Binds complement, and triggers in-vitro hemolysis

  Reacts at immediate spin

  Do not cause HDFN

  Binds complement, and triggers in-vitro hemolysis

  Reacts at immediate spin
• The antithetical “k” or “Cellano” which is a high prevalenceantigenwasfirst described by Levine and group.


  1949
• The antibody Anti-K was first identified in the serumof Mrs. Kelleher.

  1946
• Kpª antigen and the null phenotype (Ko) were first described

  1957
• Jsª were first described, named after the first producer, “John Sutter

  1958
• Kpᵇ was first described

  1958
• Jsᵇ antigen was first described (antithetical to Jsª, and both are related to Kell system) in what year

  1963
• Both Jsª and Jsᵇ were officially added to the Kell system

  1965
• The K11 antigen was first reported

  1971
• The Kpᶜ antigen joined the Kell system

  1979
• The low-incidence antigen K24 was found

  1985
• The Kel gene is found

  chromosome 7q33/34
• different Kell antigens are due to

  single base mutations that results to amino acid substitutions
• site of the different Kell genes that produce the antigens of the Kell blood group system

  Kell locus
• 5 sets of alleles that produce the Kell system’s antithetical antigens

  Kpª and Kpᵇ

  Jsª and Jsᵇ

  K11 and K17

  K14 and K24
• Kell antigen expression is dependent on presence of

  Xk protein
• Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as

  Zinc endopeptidase
• can be detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 weeks gestation and is fully developed at birth

  K antigen “Kell”
• Low prevalence antigen of #006

  K antigen - Kell
• detected to as early as 7 weeks


  k antigen “Cellano”
• A low-prevalence mutation result of Kpᵇ

  Found in 2% of whites

  Gene encoding for the antigen is associated with suppression of other Kell antigens

  Kpª antigen - “Penny”
• #006 High prevalence antigen

  Kpᵇ antigen - “Rautenberg”

  Jsᵇ antigen
• Kell antigens are resistant to

  ficin and papain
• kell antigens are sensitive to

  trypsin and chymotrypsin
• Kell antigens is destroyed by

  Glycine-acid EDTA
• Kell antigen is sensitive also sensitive to this treatment which reduces the disulfide bonds of the protein

  Sulfhydryl reagents
• A patient’s red cells lacks the entire Kell glycoprotein, therefore, noKell antigens

  K0 - Kell null Phenotype
• Kell null phenotype was discovered in what year

  1957
• most commonly encountered antibody next to ABOand Rh

  Usually IgG (Predominantly IgG1) and reacts at AHG phase (IAT)

  Associated with severe HTRs and severe HDFN

  Anti-K