WATER

• Water


  The most abundant substance that makes up 70% or more of the weight of most organisms. It also stabilizes most molecules; referred to as the universal solvent.
• Polar Molecule


  Water is a polar molecule with a high dipole moment and due to the partially negative charge in O atom and partially positive charge in H atoms.
• Solvent


  Water as a solvent, transport of substances and is also affected by their interaction with water.
• Polar Substances


  They are easily transported.
• Hydrogen Bonding


  It is a weak molecular interaction that can occur in a molecule with hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom; responsible for the surface tension.
• Solubility of Water


  It is affected by the size of the molecule, polarity of the molecule, number of possible interactions, temperature and many more.
• Hydrophilic


  Soluble molecules.
• Hydrophobic


  Insoluble molecule.
• Amphipathic


  Can be both soluble and insoluble.
• Ionic Reaction


  It arises from electrostatic attraction between two groups of opposite charge.
• Van der Waals Interaction


  Two dipoles weakly attract each other, bringing the two nuclei closer.
• High Heat Capacity


  It refers to the high amount of energy needed in order to raise the temperature of water.
• High Heat Vaporization


  This is the amount of heat needed to turn a gram of liquid water into vapor.
• Nucleophile


  It can attack an electrophile; accepts electron.
• Nucleophilic Attack


  Responsible for hydrolysis.
• Solvent


  It dissolves in an aqueous solution.
• Solute


  It can perform a nucleophilic attack that allows hydrolysis or reduction to happen.
• Hydrolysis


  Chemical reaction in which compound is broken down by the addition of water into its constituent parts.