Diss (1)

• Human Actions are concrete, physical, and empirical phenomena- observable, sensory, and realistic. Is also a function of consciousness and senses.
• AGENCY a term used in social science that points to individual human action and the reflexive aspect such action.
• It means that the individual is a self- conscious and active social actor exercising free will and making decisions that are less influenced by the structures found in the society
• Phenomenology centers on how particular individuals and groups comprehend the world in which they live.
• Social-phenomenon is perceived by human consciousness. But this is also embedded in the practical, everyday regimen of people.
• This state of so-called “practical consciousness” of not having to question why they do this or not because they are used to it, becomes their “life world” where many things transpire, involving how people deal with others and with the world.
• Phenomenologists one to capture this practical Side of human existence because according to them, there lies the source of human life, the real social process. That is when people do things just naturally and not being too conscious about it.
• The symbolic interaction perspective, also called symbolic-interactionism, is a major framework of sociology theory.
• SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Looks at individual and group meaning- making, focusing on human action instead of large- scale

  social structures.
• GEORGE HERBERT MEAD • Pioneered the development of symbolic interaction perspective • He is the one who argued, “people’s selves are social products, but that these selves are also purposive and creative.”
• Symbolic-Interactionists study meaning and communication; they tend to use qualitative methods.
• the “self” is the product of combined social experiences and interactions.
• Structuralism, as a mode of social inquiry, is an entirely different way of looking at social and cultural phenomena.
• Post- Structuralism, is a reaction to the former.
• According to Emile-Durkheim and Ferdinand-de-Saussure, while on the superficial level, there seems to be chaos and disorder in what humans say or do, a closer look will reveal that all these human activities everyday sociocultural phenomena mean something after all, they truly consistent with the laws and rules of human life and they are highly structured modes of behavior and thinking
• Langue is the internal structure and logic of a particular language. Langue consists of basic elements, which are called the sign, and has two components: the signifier (symbol) and the signified (idea or concept).
• Parole or individual speech is simply dependent on the ways of the langue.
• Saussure believes that it is more of a convention rather than some natural link between the concept and the signifier (symbol). Words may change but the idea remains the same.
• RONALD BARTHES He is a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and semiotician, Barthes ideas explored a diverse range of feids and he influenced the development of schools of theory including structuralism, semvotics, social theory, design theory. anthropology, and post-structuralism
• CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS He is a French anthropologist who became famous in the 1950s to 1960s because he applied structuralist theory in the study of culture and society.
• Claude/Levi-Strauss highlighted the cognitive side of human existence and made use of the concept of the "primitive mind" as the foundation of all human thought. The mind, according to him, has logic and a system much like language which can be decoded, and so by understanding how the human mind works.
• Structuralist Theory has largely created a picture of people as dummies, who are prisoners of certain powerful and hidden discourses that try to represent the "real" world, say, exploitation in the capitalist system.
• Post- Structuralism is convinced that meanings found in social phenomena are multiple, and unstable (hence, the ability to change), and result in complex subjectivities of people.
• Foucault believes that knowledge, in this case, the analysis of scientific knowledge - does not really progress but is merely replaced by regimes or periods of epistemes.
• Lacan suggested that consciousness is like a language that humans learn and imbibe beginning of childhood.
• Josefa-Llanes-Escoda (20 September (1898-с, 6 January 1945) Heroine: Spiritual Leader of the Underground during World War II in the Philippines; was a well- known Filipino advocate of women's right of suffrage and founder of the Girlscouts of the Philip
• FEMINISM A range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social rights for women that are equal to ose of men..
• Symbolic interactionism has been criticized for failing to consider large- scale macro social structures and forces