Legal Studies

• Aim and Purpose

  To resolve disputes, compensate and to restore the person to the position they were in.
• Parties


  Plaintiff vs. Defendant
• Standard of Proof


  Balance of Probabilities
• Burden of Proof


  Plaintiff
• Outcome


  Monetary compensations, fines and potentially jail
• Decision


  Liable or not liable
• Definition of Civil Law


  Disputes between two or more individuals or groups where an individual’s or group’s rights have been infringed
• Aim of Civil Law


  To return the party whose rights have been infringed back to the position they were in before the wrong was done
• How does Civil Law work


  When a person or group believes their rights have been infringed, they can sue the person who has infringed their rights
• Protection of Rights


  If an individual’s rights are infringed they can take the matter to court and ask for compensation as a way of correcting the wrong
• Plaintiff


  Bring the defendant to court for damages of loss or injury
• Defendant


  Caused the injury or loss and being sued
• Contract Law


  Contract law is the set of rules that govern agreements between parties, outlining their rights and obligations.
• Negligence

  Negligence in law refers to the failure to exercise the level of care that a reasonably prudent person would in similar circumstances, leading to harm or injury to another party.
• Defamation


  Defamation law deals with false statements that harm someone's reputation.
• Nuisance


  Nuisance in law refers to activities or conditions that interfere with the use and enjoyment of someone's property, often resulting in legal action.
• Trespass


  Trespass in law refers to unauthorized entry onto someone else's property, either physically or by some other means.
• Remedies


  Remedies in law are the solutions or actions that a court may order to address a legal wrong or enforce a right, such as compensation, injunctions, or specific performance.
• Contract

  Legally binding agreement between two or more people.
• Types of Contracts

  Contracts can be in writing or orally spoken.
• Eligibility to enter a Contract

  One must be over the age of 18, unless for necessity of life or employment. People with a form of mental impairment cannot enter a contract if entered under duress
• Elements of a Valid Contract

  An offer, Acceptance and Consideration
• Offer

  A clear and definite proposal made by one party to another, indicating a willingness to enter into a contract under specific terms.
• Acceptance

  Acceptance in law is when the party to whom an offer is made agrees to the terms of the offer, forming a legally binding contract.
• Consideration


  Consideration in law is something of value exchanged between parties to a contract, often money, goods, or services, forming the basis for the contract's validity.
• Counter Offer


  A counteroffer in law occurs when the offeree responds to an offer with different terms, effectively rejecting the original offer and making a new proposal.
• Invitation to Treat


  An invitation to treat in law is an invitation for others to make offers or negotiate, rather than a binding offer itself. Examples include advertisements and displays of goods for sale.
• Breach of Contract


  If a party to a contract fails to follow the terms of the contract, the other party can take action for breach of contract.  If a plaintiff is successful, he or she is entitled to a civil remedy.