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    Cards (62)

    • What is a gene?
      Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
    • What is the function of many non-coding genes?

      Regulate expression of non protein coding genes
    • Eukaryotic chromosomes are ___ and they usually have ___ of them
      Linear; More than one
    • Prokaryotic chromosomes are ___ and they usually have ___ of them
      Circular; One
    • What is chromatin?
      DNA double helix wound around histone proteins
    • What are the functions of histone proteins?
      Prevent DNA from getting tangled and help regulate gene expression
    • What is a nucleosome?
      DNA packed tight together and wrapped around histones
    • The basic structural unit of chromatin is the ___
      Nucleosome
    • The two main components of the cell cycle are ___ and ___
      Interphase; Mitosis
    • What is happening during interphase?
      Cell is growing and preparing to divide
    • What happens during mitosis?
      Division of the nucleus
    • What are the two parts of M phase?

      Mitosis; Cytokinesis
    • Mitosis results in two identical daughter ___
      Nuclei
    • What happens during cytokinesis?
      Division of the cytoplasm
    • Cytokinesis results in two identical daughter ___
      Cells
    • What happens during G1?
      The cell grows and prepares for S phase
    • If a cell is said to be in G0, then what do you know about the cell?
      Cells do not divide
    • List three cell types that a G0 cell could be?
      Animal blood cells; Neurons; Muscle cells
    • Which things are synthesized during S phase?
      Histone proteins
    • Give an example of one thing that happens during G2?

      Checks newly synthesized DNA for errors
    • What event marks the beginning of prophase?
      First stage of mitosis
    • During prophase, each chromosome is comprised of two identical ___ ___
      Sister chromatids
    • What is a chromatid?
      Chromosome that is temporarily attached to an identical chromatid
    • Each chromatid is comprised of how many DNA double helicases?
      One
    • List three events of prophase other than chromatin condensation?
      Mitotic spindle forms
      Microtubules attach to proteins
      Nuclear envelope begins to fragment
    • What is the mitotic spindle made from?
      Microtubles
    • Where does the mitotic spindle originate in a cell?

      Centrosome
    • What do the spindles attach to during mitosis?

      Proteins called kinetochores
    • Which event marks the beginning of prometaphase?
      Fragmentation of the nuclear envelope
    • What happens during prometaphase?
      MIcrotubles attach to sister chromatids and gradually move chromosomes towards the center
    • As a result of chromosome movement during prometaphase, sister chromatids end up attached to spindle fibers that are from ___ ends or poles of the dividing cell
      Opposite
    • Where are the chromosomes during metaphase?

      Middle of the cell
    • Which event marks the beginning of anaphase?
      Sister chromatids start to seperate
    • Sister chromatids are pulled to ___ poles because the microtubules of the spindle fiber ___ and because the cohesin proteins that hold them together at their centromeres start to ___
      Opposite; Shorten; Dissociate
    • Telophase returns the dividing cell to conditions that are present during ___
      Interphase
    • List three events of telophase
      Nuclear envelope reforms
      Chromosomes decondense
      Microtubules are disassembled
    • What is the structure called that separates the daughter cells during cytokinesis in animals and fungi?

      Contractile ring
    • What is the contractile ring made from?
      Microfilaments and myosin
    • How does the contractile ring work?
      Filaments slide past each other causing the ring to contract and separate
    • In plant cells, the cell plate is formed from ___ that are produced by the Golgi?
      Membrane vesicles
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