Cards (26)

  • what is an acid?
    substance that makes hydrogen ions (H+) in water
    • sour
    • turns litmus paper red
    • reacts with metals
  • what is a base?
    makes hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
    • bitter
    • slippery
    • turns litmus paper blue
    • reacts with acids to form water and salts
    • can neutralize acids
  • what do acid and bases indicate and how are they useful?
    they indicate the presence of an acid or base by color change
    • litmus:
    -red = acid
    -blue = base
    • bromothymol blue:
    -yellow = acid
    -blue = base
  • what is neutralization?
    a reaction where an acid and base form water and a salt
  • what is a salt?
    a Cation of an acid and Anion of a base combined in a substance
  • what is pH?
    pH is a measure of concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions
  • on the pH scale, which number is neutral?
    7
  • what is considered acidic on the pH scale?
    pH below 7
  • what is considered basic on the pH scale?
    pH above 7
  • what is degree of dissociation?
    how much of a substance breaks apart into ions when dissolved in water. the more it breaks apart the higher the degree of dissociation is
  • what is a strong acid?
    completely dissociates (ionizes/breaks apart), higher hydrogen concentration, represented by ---> symbol
  • what is a weak acid?
    partially dissociates, represented by
  • what is a strong base?
    completely dissociates, represented by "--->" symbol, high concentration of OH-
  • what is a weak base?
    partially dissociates, lower concentration of -OH, represented by = symbol
  • in a neutralization reaction, which substances are reacting together?
    acid + base
  • when acid and base are reacting together, what substances are formed?
    base containing OH- = water and salter, base containing HCO-3 or CO2- = water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and a salt
  • what specific ions react to form water in an acid base reaction?
    H+ and OH-
  • what is hyperacidity?
    access HCl from overeating or stress
  • what are substances used to treat hyperacidity?
    antacids - bases, Mg (OH)2 - mylanta, CaCO3 - tums
  • what is alkalosis?
    blood has too much alkaline (base) from too much baking soda
  • why is bicarbonate ion important in maintaining pH in the blood?
    it acts as an acid and base
  • what is an acidic anhydride?
    substance which forms an acid from water
  • what are sources of acidic anhydrides ?
    combustion of petroleum products and other fossil fuels
  • what are ways to minimize the formation of acidic anhydrides?
    minimize use of fossil fuels
  • how is acid rain formed?
    acidic anhydrides react with water in the atmosphere
  • what are effects of acid rain on the environment?
    ecological effects, organisms are sensitive to pH, landmarks are damaged