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cobleskill: chemistry
test 7: chapter 7
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what is an acid?
substance that makes
hydrogen
ions (
H+
) in water
sour
turns litmus paper red
reacts with metals
what is a base?
makes
hydroxide
ions (OH-) in
water
bitter
slippery
turns litmus paper
blue
reacts with
acids
to form
water
and
salts
can
neutralize
acids
what do acid and bases indicate and how are they useful?
they indicate the presence of an
acid
or
base
by
color change
litmus:
-red = acid
-blue = base
bromothymol blue:
-yellow = acid
-blue = base
what is neutralization?
a reaction where an
acid
and
base
form
water
and a
salt
what is a salt?
a
Cation
of an
acid
and
Anion
of a
base
combined in a
substance
what is pH?
pH is a measure of
concentration
of
hydrogen
(
H+
) ions
on the pH scale, which number is neutral?
7
what is considered acidic on the pH scale?
pH
below
7
what is considered basic on the pH scale?
pH
above 7
what is degree of dissociation?
how much of a substance breaks apart into
ions
when dissolved in
water.
the more it breaks apart the
higher
the degree of dissociation is
what is a strong acid?
completely dissociates
(ionizes/breaks apart),
higher hydrogen concentration
, represented by ---> symbol
what is a weak acid?
partially dissociates
, represented by
what is a strong
base?
completely
dissociates
, represented by "--->" symbol,
high concentration
of OH-
what is a weak base?
partially dissociates
,
lower concentration
of
-OH
, represented by = symbol
in a neutralization reaction, which substances are reacting together?
acid
+
base
when acid and base are reacting together, what substances are formed?
base containing OH- =
water
and
salter
, base containing HCO-3 or CO2- =
water
,
carbon dioxide
(CO2) and a salt
what specific ions react to form water in an acid base reaction?
H+
and
OH-
what is hyperacidity?
access
HCl
from
overeating
or
stress
what are substances used to treat hyperacidity?
antacids
-
bases
,
Mg
(OH)2 - mylanta,
CaCO3
- tums
what is alkalosis?
blood has too much
alkaline
(base) from too much
baking soda
why is bicarbonate ion important in maintaining pH in the blood?
it acts as an acid and base
what is an acidic anhydride?
substance
which forms an acid from
water
what are sources of acidic anhydrides ?
combustion
of
petroleum products
and other
fossil fuels
what are ways to minimize the formation of acidic anhydrides?
minimize use of
fossil fuels
how is acid rain formed?
acidic anhydrides
react with
water
in the
atmosphere
what are effects of acid rain on the environment?
ecological effects
,
organisms
are sensitive to
pH
,
landmarks
are
damaged