terms

• what is an acid?

  substance that makes hydrogen ions (H+) in water

  • sour
  • turns litmus paper red
  • reacts with metals
• what is a base?

  makes hydroxide ions (OH-) in water

  • bitter
  • slippery
  • turns litmus paper blue
  • reacts with acids to form water and salts
  • can neutralize acids
• what do acid and bases indicate and how are they useful?

  they indicate the presence of an acid or base by color change

  • litmus:

  -red = acid

  -blue = base

  • bromothymol blue:

  -yellow = acid

  -blue = base
• what is neutralization?

  a reaction where an acid and base form water and a salt
• what is a salt?

  a Cation of an acid and Anion of a base combined in a substance
• what is pH?

  pH is a measure of concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions
• on the pH scale, which number is neutral?

  7
• what is considered acidic on the pH scale?

  pH below 7
• what is considered basic on the pH scale?

  pH above 7
• what is degree of dissociation?

  how much of a substance breaks apart into ions when dissolved in water. the more it breaks apart the higher the degree of dissociation is
• what is a strong acid?

  completely dissociates (ionizes/breaks apart), higher hydrogen concentration, represented by ---> symbol
• what is a weak acid?

  partially dissociates, represented by

  
• what is a strong base?


  completely dissociates, represented by "--->" symbol, high concentration of OH-
• what is a weak base?

  partially dissociates, lower concentration of -OH, represented by = symbol
• in a neutralization reaction, which substances are reacting together?

  acid + base
• when acid and base are reacting together, what substances are formed?

  base containing OH- = water and salter, base containing HCO-3 or CO2- = water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and a salt
• what specific ions react to form water in an acid base reaction?

  H+ and OH-
• what is hyperacidity?

  access HCl from overeating or stress
• what are substances used to treat hyperacidity?

  antacids - bases, Mg (OH)2 - mylanta, CaCO3 - tums
• what is alkalosis?

  blood has too much alkaline (base) from too much baking soda
• why is bicarbonate ion important in maintaining pH in the blood?

  it acts as an acid and base
• what is an acidic anhydride?

  substance which forms an acid from water
• what are sources of acidic anhydrides ?

  combustion of petroleum products and other fossil fuels
• what are ways to minimize the formation of acidic anhydrides?

  minimize use of fossil fuels
• how is acid rain formed?

  acidic anhydrides react with water in the atmosphere
• what are effects of acid rain on the environment?

  ecological effects, organisms are sensitive to pH, landmarks are damaged