Techniques of Grafting 2

• apical graftage:

  • splice graft
  • whip-and-tongue graft
  • cleft graft
  • wedge graft
  • saddle graft
  • four flap graft
  • hole insertion graft
  • tip graft
• side graftage:

  • side stub graft
  • side tongue graft
  • side veneer graft
  • side insertion graft
• bark graft:

  • bark graft
  • inlay bark graft
• root graftage:

  • whole-root and piece-root grafting
  • nurse-root grafting
• approach graftage:

  • spliced approach graft
  • tongue approach graft
  • inlay approach graft
• repair graft:

  • inarching
  • bridge graft
  • bracing
• side graft: the scion is inserted in the side of the rootstock
• In side grafting, rootstocks are larger than the scion
• In side grafting, the rootstock shoot is removed after the union formation and the scion becomes the dominant shoot system
• side-tongue graft: a thin piece of bark and wood is removed along the side of the rootstock stem, a second cut is made to form a thin tongue
• Rootstock is dormant for side-stub graft
• Rootstock is dormant for side-tongue graft
• Side-tongue graft is useful for small plants
• Side-veneer graft is widely used for conifers
• side-veneer graft: a shallow downward and inward cut is made in a smooth area just above the crown of the rootstock; at the base of this cut, a second cut is made upward at the base of the first cut to remove a piece of the bark and wood; the scion is prepared with a long cut along one side and a small cut at the base of the scion on the opposite side
• Rootstock for side-veneer graft is dormant
• Side insertion grafts are suitable for rootstocks with wide hypocotyls
• Bark graft is done to topwork the established plant
• Rootstock must be in active growth stage so the bark is slipping for bark grafts
• For bark grafts, the scion is smaller and the rootstock is larger
• Bark grafts have a high success rate
• inlay bark graft: scion is placed in between undisturbed bark and secured with small nails or strong tape
• Inlay bark grafts are time consuming
• Inlay bark grafts are used for pecan, walnuts, and other fruit
• root graftage: roots are used as a rootstock
• whole root graftage: the entire root system is used
• piece root graft: small root piece is used
• Stem cuttings of difficult-to-root species can sometimes be induced to develop adventitious roots by making a temporary "nurse root" graft
• For a nurse root graft, the plant to be grown on its own roots is temporarily grafted as the scion
• Auxin can be used in nurse grafting to promote scion rooting
• Reversing the polarity of the rootstock piece of the root graft is one method of "nurse root" grafting
• girdling method: girdling the rootstock just above the graft union at the scion base; rootstock is girdled with budding rubber strips
• approach graft: unites two independent plants; roots of scion and top of rootstock are removed after graft takes
• Approach grafting is useful for difficult to graft plants
• Approach grafting is generally done with plants growing in containers
• spliced approach graft: a slice of brak and wood is cut vertically from both stems and then they are pressed together while matching the cambium layer
• tongue approach graft: a thin tongue is made on both stems and the tongues are interlocked
• inlay approach graft: a narrow slot is made in the bark of the rootstock, the stem of the scion is given a long, shallow cut along one side of the same length as the slot of the rootstock; the cut surface of the scion branch should be laid into the slot cut in the rootstock plant and held tightly for the union formation
• Tongue approach graft is an easy graft that requires no special equipment and has a high success rate, but is labor intensive
• Repair grafts are used to correct damage done to established trees