GE15 Environmental Science 2nd exam topics

• Population


  The entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn from a different group of individuals
• Population


  A group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area
• Demographic Transition


  The shift in the history of birth and death rates in society because of the absence of science and technology advancements
• Demographic Transition


  An issue on the economic and educational development, particularly in women that may cause the demographic transition
• Population Density


  The measurement of the given population over volume respondents
• Population Density


  • Frequently applied to living organisms, most of the time, to humans
  • A key geographical term
• Mortality Rate


  Number of death in a given population over some time
• Sex Ratio


  Ratio of males to females in a population
• In most sexually reproducing species, sex ratio is 1:1
• Fecundity


  In human demography, the potential for the reproduction of a listed population as opposed to a single organism
• Fecundity


  In biological community, similar to fertility, wherein it is a natural way to produce offspring
• Demography


  Statistical features of the human population
• Demography


  Field of science interested in collecting and analyzing these numbers is termed population demographics, also known as demography
• Statistical factors that influence population growth or decline

  • Population size
  • Density
  • Age structure
  • Fecundity (birth rates)
  • Mortality (death rates)
  • Sex ratio
• Demographic parameters


  A series of statistical measures to describe that population; where population ecologists rely as tool for objectively studying populations
• Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups comprising education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity
• Migration


  The movement of people of different sectors from one country to another with the intention of the new location, new work or employer, or for greener pasture
• Migration


  Movement is often over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration within the city is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally
• Emigration


  The act of leaving one's own country to settle in another
• Immigration


  The act of entering and settling in another country
• Morbidity


  A general term that means occurrence of disease and illness in a population
• Biodiversity


  All the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world
• Taxonomy (or taxonomical classification)


  The practice and science of categorization or classification. A scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types
• Making sure that development and expansion take place without causing environmental harm and enriching people's daily lives without depleting the environment are main issues of the 21st century
• Human population


  The number of people living in a particular area, from a village to the world as a whole
• World Population

  • 2011 – 7B
  • 2023 – 8B
  • Now – 8.1 Billion
  • 2037 – 9B
  • 2056 – 10B
• In discussions of population dynamics, birth, death, and growth rates are usually expressed as the number per 1,000, referring to the crude rate
• Invasive species frequently thrive in disturbed habitats where urbanization has occurred and outcompete native species