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• Nose (nostrils or nares)


  Filters smaller particles, warms, and humidifies incoming air, and receives odors
• Pharynx


  Common passage of both food and air. To prevent food from entering the tract, a small flap, called epiglottis, covers the opening of the larynx during the act of swallowing
• Larynx (voicebox)


  Contains the vocal cords and supporting tissue which makes sound possible
• Trachea (windpipe)


  Serves as passageway for air to the bronchi
• Bronchi


  • Foreign objects falling into the trachea are more likely to lodge in the right bronchus
  • Each bronchus subdivides into smaller branches called bronchioles which terminates into the alveoli (air sacs)
• Lungs


  Pyramid-shaped, spongy air-filled organs which are molded into the thoracic cavity that contains them
• Pleura


  • Serous membrane coverings that enclose each lung
  • Parietal pleura: lines the thoracic (chest) cavity
  • Visceral pleura: cover the lung and is continuous at the root of the lung where it joins with the parietal pleura
• Aerosol


  A medication that can be sprayed from a container to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma
• Anoxia


  Without oxygen
• Apnea


  Temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
• Bifurcation


  A division of two branches
• Bronchodilator


  An agent capable of dilating the bronchi
• Bronchospasm


  Spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma
• Cheyne-Stokes


  Breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply then slightly or stops altogether
• Consolidation


  Solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia
• Cyanosis


  A bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
• Dysphonia


  Voice impairment; difficulty in speaking
• Dyspnea


  Labored or difficult breathing
• Endotracheal Tube (ET)


  Airway catheter inserted in the trachea during surgery and for temporary airway in emergency situations
• Expectorants


  An agent that promotes expectoration (to loosen secretions)
• Hemoptysis


  Spitting of blood- or blood-stained sputum (from lungs)
• Hiatus


  A gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm
• Hilus


  Part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter
• Hypercapnia


  Excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
• Hyperventilation


  Increased rate and/or depth of respiration
• Hypoxia


  Insufficient oxygen
• Kussmaul Breathing


  Gasping, labored breathing; also called air hunger
• Laryngectomy


  Excision of the larynx
• Lobectomy


  Excision of a lobe in the lung
• Mantoux (test)


  TB skin test
• Orthopnea


  Difficulty of breathing except in the upright position
• Parenchyma


  The essential elements of a "working parts" of an organ
• Percussion


  Striking the body (chest) with short sharp blows of fingers
• Auscultation


  Listening for sounds produced through stethoscope
• Perfusion


  The passage of fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply oxygen and nutrients
• Pneumothorax


  Air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or deliberate introduction
• Productive cough


  Cough with spitting of material from the bronchi
• Rales or Ronchi

  An abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indicating pathologic condition
• Respirator/Ventilator


  A device used in giving artificial respiration
• Rhinoplasty


  Surgery of the nose