HES 008 M2

• Natural law - basis of ethical principles that pertain to human rights
• Deontological - doing ones duty or following the rules (golden rule)
• Teleological - greatest good for the greatest number (utilitarianism)
• Ethics - guiding behavioral principles
• Immanuel kant - promulgated the deontological notion of the golden rule
• John stuart mill - purported a teleological approach
• Duty - greek word “deon”
• Science or study - greek word “ logos”
• Moral - internal value system
• Morality - personal values
• Ethical Dilemma - 2 or more ethical principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action
• Legal rights and duties - rules governing behavior, enforceable by law.
• Practice act - documents defining a profession
• Justice benjamin cardozo - who established the informed consent in 1914
• Informed consent - the right to full disclosure; the right to make one’s own decisions
• Right to self- determination - the right to protect one’s own body and to determine how it shall be treated
• 1950 - American Nurses Association (ANA)
• Autonomy, veracity, confidentiality, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice - 6 ethical principles
• Autonomy - patient’s tight to make choices independently
• Veracity - truth telling
• Competence - capacity of patient to make a reasonable decision
• Disclosure of information - requires that sufficient info regarding risks and alternative treatment
• Comprehension - individual’s ability to understand the meaning of the message.
• Voluntariness - patient had made a decision without coercion or force from others
• Confidentiality - personalinformation taht is entrusted and protected as privileged info via a social contact, healthcare standard or code, or legal convenant
• Nonmaleficence - do not harm the patient or others, do not cause harm to the patient or others
• Negligence - failure to exercise reasonable care or skill, resulting in injury to another person
• Professional negligence - failure to exercise the degree of care that a reasonable solicitor would have exercised in the circumstances.
• Due care - the kind of care healthcare professionals give patients when thet treat then attentively and vigilantly so as to avoid mistakes
• negligence - there must me a duty between the injured party and the person whose actions (or non action) caused the injury
• Malpractice - A breach of professional duty committed by a healthcare provider.
• Beneficence - doing good for the benefit of others
• Justice - speaks fairness and equal distribution of goods and services
• Direct costs - tangible and predictable such as rent, food, heating, etc
• Fixed costs - stable and ongoing, such as salaries, mortgage, utilities, etx
• variable costs - fluctuation in volume, program attendance, occupancy rates
• Indirect costs - may be fixed but not necessarily directly such as expenses of heating, lighting, housekeeping, maintenance
• Hidden costs - cannot be anticipated or accounted for until after the fact
• Cost savings - money realized through decreased use of costly services
• Cost benefit - institutions realizes an economic gain resulting from the educational program