Logic and Reasoning

• Fallacies are errors or flaws in reasoning.
• attacks a person's character rather than his or her opinions or arguments

  Ad Hominem
• argument that goes in circles

  Circular Argument
• a conclusion not supported by the premises or fails to include assumptions that establish connections between ideas

  Non Sequitur
• argument that uses flattery/praise

  Appeal to Flattery
• uses force/threats instead of reasons

  Ad Baculum
• From one sample, the arguer makes a claim about the whole population.

  Hasty Generalization
• This is when arguer cannot prove the argument to be false, therefore, it is true.

  Appeal to Ignorance
• arguments urging you to follow the same path that everyone else is taking

  Bandwagon Fallacy
• Instead of presenting relevant claims, the arguer resorts to evoking pity or sympathy by pointing or referring to an unfortunate circumstance.

  Ad Misericordiam
• it is committed by citing an opinion or judgment of someone who commands respect but is not a recognized authority on the subject.

  Ad Verecundiam
• arguing under the premise that what is true of a whole or class is true to every member.

  Fallacy of Division
• a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them.

  Red Herring
• occurs when something is assumed to be either good or better than something else, simply because it's perceived as being newer.

  Ad Novitatem
• My Honda broke down, so all Hondas must be poorly made.

  Hasty Generalization
• All the girls in schools likes SpongeBob so Audrey, my niece, perhaps likes it too.

  Fallacy of Division
• Ari bakes the best cupcakes in town. She should run for president.

  Non Sequitur
• You should take those vitamins because Captain America said they are the best.

  Ad Verecundiam
• We can't raise salaries, but we still provide great benefits for our employees

  Red Herring
• what would you know about labor laws? you don't even have a job.

  Ad Hominem
• could you please change my grade? I worked hard and pulled an all-nighter to finish on time.

  Ad Misericordiam
• You are the sweetest person ever! It would really make my day if you send me pizza right now.

  Appeal to Flattery