ORGANIZATION

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precious o

Cards (50)

what are tissues?
a group of cells performing a similar function
what are organs?
group of tissues performing a specific function
what are organ systems?
groups of organs that carry out similar functions
why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
because it needs to pump blood further throughout the body
describe the structure and function of capillaries
one cell layer thick for quicker diffusion of substances
describe the structure and function of veins
thin walls and valves to prevent the back flow of blood
describe the structure and function of arteries
thick walls to withstand pressure
describe the function of phagocytes
ability to change shape to destroy pathogens
name four plant organs
spongy mesophyll tissue, palisade mesophyll tissue, epidermis, xylem
where is meristem tissue found? 
the growing tips of shoots and roots
where are most stomata found?
spongy mesophyll tissue
why are stomata found in spongy mesophyll tissue?
to let the CO2 diffuse directly into the leaf
what is translocation?
the movement of dissolved sugars
what is transpiration?
the loss of water from a plant
what is haemoglobin?
a protein that binds to oxygen
what are enzymes?
biological catalysts
what does amylase do? 
breaks down starch into sugars
what does protease do? 
breaks down proteins into amino acids
what does lipase do? 
breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
what does pepsin do?
breaks down proteins in the stomach
what is a substrate? 
the chemical that fits into the active site of an enzyme
what does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?
the active site is permanently changed due to pH or temperature
where is amylase found?
salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
where is protease found?
stomach, pancreas, small intestine
where is lipase found?
pancreas, small intestine
where does amylase work?
mouth, small intestine
where does protease work? 
stomach (pepsin) and small intestine
where does lipase work?
small intestine
what is coronary heart disease?
build up of fatty material in coronary arteries, can lead to blood clots and heart attacks
what are the pacemaker cells?
a group of cells in the right atrium that controls the heart rate
what is an artery? 
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
what is a vein?
a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
what is plasma? 
the liquid part of blood
what does plasma transport? 
red blood cells, carbon dioxide, proteins, glucose, hormones, urea
what are platelets? 
cell fragments that clot wounds
what are advantages and disadvantages of stents? 
minor surgery but fatty material can rebuild
what are advantages and disadvantages of statin?
reduces fat but has side effects
what are advantages and disadvantages of a heart transplant? 
long term but major surgery and could be rejected
what are advantages and disadvantages of an artificial heart?
no rejection but short life-time and needs a battery
what are advantages and disadvantages of a mechanical heart valve? 
can last a life-time but can damage red blood cells