PhycoLec - Finals

• Alternation of Generation - reproduction strategy that involves both an asexual and sexual stage
• True or False:

  Prokaryotic algae can only undergo Asexual reproduction

  TRUE
• Gametes - reproductive cells that fuse to form a zygote; products of meiosis
• Zygote - a cell formed from the fusion of 2 gametes
• Mitosis - eukaryotic cell division where chromosome number is maintained
• Meiosis - eukaryotic cell division where there is a reduction in the number of chromosomes
• True or False:

  (In algae) Mating types are morphologically the same, and therefore difficult to distinguish

  TRUE
• True or False:

  The mating types are the same strains that are compatible in sexual reproduction

  FALSE
• Fragmentation - formation of short pieces of filaments
• Baeocytes - cells formed through multiple fission in cyanobacteria
• Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata - produces eight autospores in the parental cell (example species ni ma'am sa handout)

  
• Autospores - non-flagellated cells that look like the parent during their release from the parent cell, produced asexually
• Pyropia sp. - genus of red algae used for the production of nori
• Gametophyte - this is what is harvested in the life cycle of nori
• Conchocelis rosea - species that was discovered to be a life stage of Pyropia (by Kathleen Drew Baker)
• Niche - ecological role as the organism interacts with its abiotic environment and other organisms in its habitat
• Cyanidium cladarium - species that live in hot springs (example species ni ma'am)
• 73 - the upper temperature limit of phototrophic organisms (in degrees celsius)
• Chlamydomonadales - order of green alga that causes "Green snow" and "Red snow"
• Phycosphere - immediate vicinity of an algal cell
• Microbial loop

  
• Anoxic - term for the lack of oxygen
• Prorocentrum minimum - dinoflagellate that caused a red tide in Tokyo bay
• Most common cases in the PH are caused by these 3 dinoflagellates:

  1. Alexandrium sp.
  2. Gymnodinium catenatum
  3. Pyrodinium bahamense
• Dinoflagellates make up 75% of all HAB species
• Algal bloom causing Cyanobactera

  A) Microcystis

  B) Microcystin

  C) Anabaena

  D) Lyngbya

  E) Saxitoxin

  F) Nodularia

  G) Nodularin

  
• Algal bloom causing Diatoms

  A) Chaetoceros wighami

  B) Chaetoceros debile

  C) High biomass, non-toxic

  D) Pseudo-nitzschia sp.

  E) Domoic acid

  
• Algal bloom causing Dinoflagellates

  A) Kerenia brevis

  B) Brevetoxin

  C) Cochlodinium polykrikoides

  D) High biomass, toxic

  E) Ostreopsis ovata

  F) Palytoxin

  G) Pyrodinium bahamense

  H) Saxitoxin

  I) Alexandrium sp.

  J) High biomass, toxic
• Algal bloom causing Dinoflagellates

  A) Kerenia brevis

  B) Brevetoxin

  C) Cochlodinium polykrikoides

  D) High biomass, toxic

  E) Ostreopsis ovata

  F) Palytoxin

  G) Pyrodinium bahamense

  H) Saxitoxin

  I) Alexandrium sp.

  J) Saxitoxin

  
• Photolithoautotroph - classification of the algae organism
• Photosynthesis - the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
• Lumen - internal space of the thylakoid
• Stroma - internal space of the chloroplast
• Chemical energy compounds made in the light reactions:

  • ATP
  • NADPH
• Antenna - part of the photosystem that absorbs light energy and funnels it to the reaction center
• Reaction center - part of the photosystem that contains chlorophyll a; where the photochemical reactions occur
• Proton motive force - the force that drives the proton pump across the inner membrane
• Chlorophyll a is a cyclic tetrapyrrole
• Nitrogen fixation - nitrogen gas to ammonia incorporated organic matter inside cells
• Nitrogen assimilation - inorganic nitrogen like nitrate absorbed by cells and incorporated into organic material