Civil war and early modern era Britain history Y8

• Renaissance


  Rebirth (French)
• Renaissance period

  1300-1600
• Scholar


  A highly educated person
• Astronomer


  The study of stars and planets
• People went overseas and decided to explore the world. This also later lead to more discoveries about the world due to the discoveries made
• Martin Luther


  Sparked religious change
• Martin Luther thought going to heaven was involving too much money


  He didn't like people buying their way out of purgatory and into heaven
• Changes Martin Luther wanted

  • Everyone can read the Bible translated to German
  • Access to heaven based on goodness - not money
• People ended up using the bible for arguments resulting in two different churches - catholic and protestant but Martin Luther became an outlaw
• The Renaissance was a period of many new ideas, inventions and discoveries, creating an overall leap in society - a rebirth
• Differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism in the 16th Century

  • Roman Catholics: The Pope is Head of the Church, The local Church should be ruled by bishops, The priest brings Christ to the people, Bread and wine turn into body and blood of Jesus, Statues of saints and Virgin Mary, Services and Bible in Latin, Saved by going to church and doing good works, Priests must not marry
  • Protestants: The local ruler should control the Church, The Church should be run by elders, A minister must preach to tell people what the Bible says, Communion is just a service to remember Jesus' death, No statues of saints and Virgin Mary, Services and Bible in English, Saved by personal faith in Jesus, Ministers can marry
• King Charles I was a Protestant but later on many people believed he was Catholic.
• Some people sided with the King and some people sided with the Parliament, causing the first English Civil War in 1642
• The war was between the Protestants and the Catholics
• The Parliament (Protestant) won the first and second English Civil Wars
• The English Civil War usually sparked by religion, economy or social conditions
• Issues that caused the English Civil War

  • Taxes
  • Religion
  • Parliament
• King Charles asked the Parliament to agree to raise taxes to pay for a war
• Charles closed Parliament in 1629 and ruled without Parliament for 11 years
• Charles ordered all landowners to pay 'Ship Money' which the judges said was against the law
• Ship Money


  A tax Charles believed everyone should pay to protect the navy
• Charles began to make changes to churches, adding many decorations, as he believed people would feel closer to God
• Charles wanted to control Ireland as he thought it would be a threat to England
• Charles made the Scots use the English prayer book, which upset people as they thought he was Catholic
• Key facts/events in the life of Charles I


  • Became heir to the throne in 1612
  • Married a Catholic despite being Protestant
  • Became king in 1625
  • Married to Henrietta Maria
  • Dissolved Parliament in 1626 and 1629
  • Began to modernise the country
  • Luxurious lifestyle and bad spending habits
  • Parliament reassembled in 1640 as he needed money for battle
  • Dissolved Parliament in 1642
  • Civil War began in 1642
  • His army went in defeat in 1645 and 1647
  • Executed in 1649
• The Roundheads (Parliamentarians) won the Civil War due to being more skilled and strictly religious, compared to the more relaxed and flamboyant Cavaliers (Royalists)
• Pym's demands to the Long Parliament


  • Call Parliament for advice every 3 years
  • Close Parliament only if MPs agree
  • Collect taxes only with permission of Parliament
  • Reverse all changes of the church
  • Get rid of his main advisers including Thomas Wentworth
• Oliver Cromwell


  Hero of the Civil War
• The first battle of the Civil War was at Edgehill, and the result was Parliament winning
• The Royalists expected to win as they thought God had chosen the King
• Parliament's advantages were that they were Puritans so they were very strict and skillful
• Cromwell wanted sharp, neat and skillful men in his army, and he turned them into good soldiers by not letting them drink or misbehave
• The New Model Army was special because they had proper training and it was meritocratic
• The Battle of Naseby was important because the King was captured
• Parliament won at Blachy Harcourt
• Regicide


  Killing of a monarch
• In 1648 Charles I secretly made plans with Scotland to invade and restore him to the throne, but the Scots surrendered him to the Parliamentarians
• The Prince of Wales (later Charles II) fled to the Netherlands
• All Royalist sympathisers in Parliament were removed
• Charles I was put on trial for treason, starting the Civil War, and being a traitor to his people