Lesson 5 medterm

• Connective tissue disease


  Any disease that affects the parts of the body that connect the structure of the body together
• Connective tissue


  • Made up of two proteins: collagen and elastin
• Different types of connective tissue diseases

  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Scleroderma
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (GPA)
  • Churg Strauss syndrome
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
  • Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)
  • Polymyositis Dermatomyositis
  • Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)
  • Undifferentiated connective tissue disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis


  One of the most common connective tissue diseases, can be inherited, an autoimmune disease
• Scleroderma


  Causes scar tissue to form in the skin, internal organs, and small blood vessels
• Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (GPA)


  A form of vasculitis that affects the nose, lungs, kidneys, and other organs
• Churg Strauss syndrome


  A type of autoimmune vasculitis that affects cells in the blood vessels of the lungs, gastrointestinal system, skin, and nerves
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)


  A disease that can cause inflammation of the connective tissue in every organ of the body from the brain, skin, blood, to the lungs
• Microscopic polyangitis (MPA)


  An autoimmune disease that affects cells in blood vessels in organs throughout the body
• Polymyositis Dermatomyositis


  A disease characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the muscles. When it affects the skin, it's called dermatomyositis
• Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)


  Also called the sharp syndrome, features of various connective tissue diseases such as SLE, scleroderma, and polymyositis
• Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)


  Conditions that have characteristics of connective tissue disease but don't meet the guidelines as defined at a particular time
• Causes of connective tissue diseases

  • Family genetics
  • Exposure to toxic chemicals
  • Exposure to ultraviolet
  • Inadequate nutrition
  • Infections
• Symptoms of connective tissue diseases

  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Skin
  • Heart and blood vessels
  • Lungs
  • Height
• Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to subtropical regions. They are less prevalent in temperate climates.
• Malaria


  An acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, spread through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms begin within 10-16 days: fever, headache, and chills.
• Malaria vaccine


  • RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) acts against the Plasmodium falciparum parasite
• Cholera


  An acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms are watery diarrhea.
• Cholera vaccines

  • Dukoral
  • Shanchol
  • Euvichol-Plus
• Chagas disease


  Caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors. Acute phase lasts for weeks/months with fever, fatigue, body aches. Chronic phase lasts for decades with cardiac and gastrointestinal complications.
• Chagas disease symptoms


  • Romaña's sign including mild enlargement of the liver or spleen, swollen glands, or swelling at the site of the bite
• Yellow fever


  A viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, caused by arboviruses. Symptoms are fever, muscle pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
• Types of Yellow fever transmission cycles

  • Sylvatic (or jungle) yellow fever
  • Intermediate yellow fever
  • Urban yellow fever
• Dengue


  A viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people, more common in tropical and subtropical climates. Symptoms are abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, fatigue, pale and cold skin, feeling weak.
• Types of poisoning


  • Toxic gases
  • Chemicals
  • Medication
  • Food poisoning
  • Topical products
  • Animal bites and stings
• Toxic gases


  Common poisons are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
• Chemical poisoning


  Mostly victims are children, from everyday household items such as cleaners, laundry detergent, industrial chemicals
• Medication poisoning


  Can be from overdose or allergic reaction if a person does not know their dosage or that they are allergic
• Food poisoning


  Occurs when someone consumes contaminated foods or undercooked meats
• Topical product poisoning


  Ointments, makeup, and other chemical products can cause allergic reactions depending on the individual
• Animal bites and stings


  Several species have the capability of poisoning a person
• Disorders due to physical agents

  • Temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Noise
  • Vibration
• Decompression sickness (caisson disease)


  Can result from exposure to high or low atmospheric pressure
• Noise exposure


  Can be unpleasant and impair working efficiency, causing temporary or permanent hearing loss
• Raynaud's syndrome or vibration white finger (VWF)


  Result from the extensive use of vibrating hand tools, especially in cold weather
• Ionizing radiation


  Can damage or destroy body tissue by breaking down the molecules in the tissues into positively or negatively charged particles
• Radium Girls


  Factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting radium dials
• Chernobyl disaster


  Occurred during a test of the steam turbine's ability to power the emergency feedwater pumps in the event of a simultaneous loss of external power and coolant pipe rupture
• Non-ionizing radiation


  Includes electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency, infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet ranges
• Effects of non-ionizing radiation

  • Skin erythema
  • Keratitis
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
  • Photoretinitis
  • Heat cataract