SCI - DIGESTION: ANG DAMIIII

• Mouth region, Gastrointestinal tract, Accessory organs is the Main division of the Digestive System
• Mechanical Digestion - The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by chewing, grinding, or crushing.
• Chemical Digestion - Breakdown of large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, etc., into simpler substances that can be absorbed through cell membranes.
• Lips have sensory receptors that

  can detect the texture and

  temperature of food.
• Pharynx is where swallowing occurs and it connects the oral cavity to the esophagus.
• Tongue helps move food around the mouth during eating and swallowing.
• Salivary glands are responsible for producing saliva which contains enzymes to begin chemical digestion.
• Esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.
• Esophagus transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
• Stomach has muscular walls that mix and churn food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen (enzyme).
• Palate is the mouth’s upper

  boundary where food is pushed

  against when chewing.
• Tongue functions for

  tasting, mixing, and

  swallowing food.
• Papillae are the tiny bumps

  on the upper surface of the

  tongue which contain taste

  buds.
• The pharynx connects the

  mouth to the esophagus.
• Epiglottis is a

  cartilaginous tissue that

  prevents the entry of food

  and water into the

  respiratory tract.
• Sphincters prevent the backflow

  of food.
• The stomach produces acids, mucus, and

  enzymes that helps in digestion.
• The inner walls have folds

  known as rugae allow the

  stomach to stretch to store

  large meals.
• The stomach has three

  sections: the cardia, the

  fundus, and the pylorus.
• Cardia is for Food and liquids pass

  through the cardia to enter the

  stomach from the esophagus. It is part of the stomach
• Fundus is part of the stomach

  that stores gas from digestion.

  It can also hold food if the

  stomach becomes full. Part of the Stomach
• Pylorus, This allows partly

  digested food and other

  stomach contents to pass from

  the stomach to the small

  intestine. part of the stomach
• The stomach has two sphincters that prevent

  backflow of food. Cardiac sphincter and Pyloric sphincter
• The small intestine is a long

  tube where the final digestion

  takes place.
• The small Intestines has 3 main parts which are the Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
• Ileum- The last section of the small intestine. It connects with the large intestine at the ileocecal valve.
• Duodenum - The first section of the small intestine. It receives bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas.
• Large Intestine - Also known as the colon, it absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food material. It ends at the rectum.
• Liver - An organ located on the right side of the abdomen. It produces bile, which helps break down fats during digestion.
• Rectum - A short tube that leads to the anus. It stores feces until they can be eliminated through defecation.
• Anus - The opening at the end of the digestive tract where waste products leave the body.
• Large Intestine (Colon) - The final section of the digestive system. It absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested material.
• It also involves salivary action and physical breakdown of food through mastication.
• Amylase is the enzyme in saliva that is responsible for digestion of starch (sugars in plants) and glycogen (sugars in animals).
• Propulsion is the movement of food down that gastrointestinal

  tract.
• Swallowing is a voluntary type of propulsion where tongue pushes the food down to the esophagus.
• Peristalsis is the involuntary

  type of propulsion, wherein

  muscles of the digestive tract

  involuntarily contract and relax

  alternately to create rippling

  movements.
• Mechanical digestion

  breaks down food

  molecules without

  chemical reactions.
• Chemical digestion breaks

  down food molecules by

  using chemical reactions.
• Bile: fat emulsification