ig2 chemistry

• Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is formed in car engines
• Equipment in a car exhaust used to remove the NO2 formed in car engines

  Catalytic converter
• Gases which diffuse


  • CO
  • CO2
  • CH4
  • NO2
  • SO2
• Products of photosynthesis

  • Glucose
  • Oxygen
• Type of bonding in Group I elements

  Metallic bonding
• Test for hydrogen gas


  test: lighted splint

  observation: makes a squeaky ‘pop’ sound
• pH of a solution of a strong alkali

  pH = 14
• Substance to confirm pH of a strong alkali solution

  Litmus paper
• Reaction between sodium and cold water

  2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
• Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 6Li and 7Li
• Main source of hydrogen for the Haber process

  Natural gas
• Symbol ΔH

  Change in enthalpy
• Typical conditions for the Haber process


  • Temperature: 450°C
  • Pressure: 200 MPa
  • Catalyst: Iron
• Acid used to react with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate

  Sulfuric acid
• Other physical property of transition elements

  • High melting and boiling points
• Other chemical property of transition elements

  • Form complex ions
• Transition elements

  • High density
  • High strength
• Transition elements

  • Form coloured compounds
  • Have ions with variable oxidation numbers
• Other physical property of transition elements

  High melting and boiling points
• Other chemical property of transition elements

  Ability to form complex ions
• Water molecules present in hydrated crystals

  Water of crystallisation
• Class of oxide to which copper(II) oxide belongs

  Basic oxide
• Meaning of Roman numeral (II) in copper(II) oxide

  Oxidation state of +2
• Members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties
• Homologous series to which propanoic acid belongs

  Carboxylic acids
• Type of polymerisation that occurs when propene forms poly(propene)

  Addition polymerisation
• Salt formed from the reaction of propanoic acid and aqueous sodium carbonate

  Sodium propanoate
• Anion in the salt formed from propanoic acid and aqueous sodium carbonate


  Propanoate ion, CH3COO-
• Suitable catalyst for the reaction of propanoic acid and ethanol to form an ester

  Concentrated sulfuric acid
• Ester formed from the reaction of propanoic acid and ethanol

  Ethyl propanoate
• Neutralisation reaction

  Reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water
• Precipitation reaction

  Reaction where an insoluble solid is formed
• Ester formation

  Reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester and water
• Photosynthesis


  Process where plants use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, to produce glucose and oxygen
• Fermentation


  Process where sugars are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast
• Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of clean, dry air
• Boron contains atoms with only three electrons in the outer shell
• Fluorine contains atoms with only nine protons
• Carbon exists as graphite
• Lithium is an alkali metal