LESSON 2

• Types of sports


  • Individual sports
  • Dual sports
  • Combative sports
• Individual sports


  Sports where players compete individually against another player
• Dual sports


  Sports that require two players (doubles) to compete as a team
• Combative sports


  Sports where players compete against each other
• Badminton, lawn tennis, and table tennis can be played either as individual or dual sports
• Individual and dual sports have different court dimensions, follow a different order in service, and follow different rules and regulations
• Individual sports


  • Running events
  • Rhythmic Activities
  • Swimming
• Dean Karnazes: 'Run when you can, walk if you have to, crawl if you must; just never give up.'
• Track Events: Running


  • Running on a track over a defined distance
  • Running or sprinting with obstacles on the track
  • Relay runs
• Short distance running


  Runs of moderate intensity covering distances between 1 to 5 kilometers (0.6 to 3.1 miles)
• Short distance running


  • Builds cardiovascular endurance
  • Enhances overall stamina
  • Burns calories and supports weight management
  • Can be more sustainable for longer durations compared to sprints
• Sprints


  • Short-distance races
  • More powerful and faster form of running
  • Both forms of high-intensity cardiovascular exercise that offer unique benefits
• Rhythmic Gymnastics


  • Competitive discipline developed in 1920 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • First rhythmic gymnastics in the Olympic Games was held in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games
• Rhythmic Gymnastics has two categories: individual competition, and group competition
• Rhythmic Gymnastics is mostly a female sport
• Apparatuses required in Rhythmic Gymnastics

  • Rope
  • Hoop
  • Ball
  • Clubs
  • Ribbon
• Four apparatuses are used in a competition cycle in Rhythmic Gymnastics
• Individual competition in Rhythmic Gymnastics

  Perform only four exercises using four apparatuses
• Routines in Rhythmic Gymnastics


  Performed with a set of music on a mat that measures 13 x 13 meters
• Skills needed in Rhythmic Gymnastics

  • Leaps
  • Balances
  • Pirouettes (pivots)
  • Apparatus handling
  • Execution
• Gymnasts in Rhythmic Gymnastics should execute the whole routine on the entire floor with a certain number of jumps, leaps, pivots, balances, and flexibility skills
• Gymnasts in Rhythmic Gymnastics should show a high level of fitness and skills
• Fitness components in Rhythmic Gymnastics

  • Flexibility
  • Balance
  • Strength
  • Power
  • Agility
  • Endurance
  • Hand-eye coordination
• Apparatus movements in Rhythmic Gymnastics

  • Balls: used with body waves, throws, catches, balances, bounces, and rolls
  • Hoops: used through different kinds of rolls, high tosses, catches, spins, and passes through and over the hoop
  • Ribbons: used by creating a variety of patterns like spirals, circles, snakes, and figure eighths and by throwing and catching
  • Ropes: used by jumping, leaping, swinging, wrapping, and doing figure-eight movements with the open and folded rope
  • Clubs: used by tapping the clubs, swinging them parallel to each other, or swinging them opposite each other and by throwing them into the air and catching them using hands or other parts of the body
• Swimming


  • Propulsion of the body in the water using combined arm and leg motions
  • Considered as a sport and recreational activity
  • Swimmers compete and aim to be the fastest over a certain distance or event
• London, began building indoor pools


  1828
• St. George's Baths - opened as the first public swimming pool
• The National Swimming Society was formed and began to hold and regulate swimming competitions in London


  1837
• Competitive swimming came into prominence after being included in the 1896 Olympic Games
• Events in the 1896 Olympic Games


  • 100-meter
  • 500-meter
  • 1200-meter
  • 100-meter event but was only open to sailors from the Greek fleet
• Swimming is now combined with other sports like running (aquathlon) and biking and running (triathlon)
• Swimming strokes


  • Freestyle or crawl
  • Breaststroke
  • Backstroke
  • Butterfly
• Freestyle or crawl


  • Most basic and easiest among the strokes
  • Your body should be in a lying position with the head facing down while using basic foot movements (flutter kick) and arm movements simultaneously
• Breaststroke


  • Slowest swimming stroke
  • The body is in the prone position while using a frog kick instead of a flutter kick
  • Has three arm movements: Catch, Pull, Recover
• Backstroke


  • Easiest among the swimming strokes
  • The body's movement is also the same as the freestyle flutter kick while the crawling motion of the arms goes backward
  • Done while in a supine lying position
  • Also known as back crawl
• Butterfly


  • The hardest among all the swimming strokes
  • Not recommended for beginners as it requires mastering the crawl stroke first
  • Involves a dolphin kick and a quick movement of the arms
  • Requires more developed shoulder and back muscles
  • Movement of the leg requires a simultaneous action as in the front crawl but with a more pronounced bend of the knees
• Timing and coordination in Butterfly stroke

  Consist of two leg kicks and one arm cycle, with the initial kick being done as the arms move forward, and the second kick being done while pulling back the arms
• Dual sports require two players (doubles) to compete as a team whereas individual sports (singles) do not require an athlete to have a partner to join the competition
• Table Tennis


  • Also known as ping pong
  • A sports event that can be played by two players (individual) or four layers (dual)
  • Uses a ball, a racket that is mostly made up of wood with a rubber surface, and a specially designed table with a net
  • Objective: To hit the ball toward the playing surface of your opponent
  • The ball must bounce on the table before it is returned
• Lawn Tennis


  • A popular outdoor sport
  • Was known as lawn tennis
  • Objective: To hit the ball across the net toward each other's half of the court, causing the opponent to make a mistake and not be able to return it
  • Played by two players for singles and four players for doubles