Biology

• Asexual reproduction is the mode of reproduction that does not include the use of gametes.
• Sporulation is the type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual forms an aggregation of cells surrounded by resistant capsules or spore, which later on germites.
• Fragmentation is the type of asexual reproduction where the body breaks into two or more parts, with each part being an individual being.
• Budding is a type of asexual reproduction where new individual arises as an outgrowth (bud) from its parent, develops organs like of those parents and then detaches itself.
• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction where the body divides into a two or more equal parts.
• Isogamy refers to the fusion of similar gametes which are usually motile.
• Heterogamy refers to the fusion of dissimilar gametes.
• In oogamy, a large immotile gamete, called the egg, is fertilized by a small motile gamete, the sperm.
• Bisexual reproduction is the union of gametes from two genetically different parents.
• Hermaphrodite is an individual with both male and female reproductive tissues.
• In worms, hermaphrodites needs a male to donate sperm cells to fertilize the oocytes from its body.
• In animals "self fertilization" is not common.
• In asexual reproduction there is only one number of parents involved
• In sexual reproduction, two parents are involved.
• There is a need of gamete union in sexual reproduction.
• There is no need of gamete union in asexual reproduction.
• Gamete union means that the sperm needs to fertilize the egg.
• In asexual reproduction, the offspring is basically the clone of its parents.
• In sexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically hybrid of parents.
• Development involves formation of sex cells, zygote formation, subsequent stages in one's lifespan.
• Development is terminated by death.
• Haploid condition is where a cell only has half the chromosome's number.
• Diploid condition is when a cell has the full chromosome number.
• Totipotent cell is a cell that is able to differentiate into any type of cell in the body.
• Gametogenesis is the stage of development that yields haploid gametes.
• Fertilization is the stage of development that results in a unicellular diploid zygote.
• Cleavage is the stage of development involving a series of mitotic divisions to produce a multicellular blastula form a unicellular zygote.
• Gastrulation is the stage of development involving morphogenic movements of the cells to produce a gastrula.
• The distinct layers of Vertebrates includes a total of three layers: the outermost ectoderm, the middle mesoderm, and the inner endoderm.
• Organogenesis stage of development where the different germ layers differentiate into specific organ systems.
• Growth refers to the stage of development that indicates the increase of the size of an individual.
• Monozygotic twins or also known as identical twins, are twins that develop from a single fertilized egg during the first cleavage stage.
• Dizygotic twins also known as fraternal twins are results from two or more fertilization events where the zygotes develop simultaneously.
• Testis where sperms are produced.
• Epididymis is where the sperms are temporarily stored.
• Scrotal sac supports the epididymis and testis.
• Vas deferens is where the sperm passes through the testis before it joins the urethra.
• Urethra is connected to the urethra and urinary bladder, serves a passageway for sperm and urine.
• Seminal vesicle secretes fluids that forms part of the semen; secretion gives the semen its alkaline characteristic to counteract the acidity of the vaginal tract.
• Prostrate gland secretes fluids that provides alkalinity to the semen; it also contains proteolytic enzymes, citric acids, phosphatases, and lipids.