L2

• TAXONOMY: grouping and naming of organisms
• Aristotle: he arranged life forms in a scale of increasing complexity called scala natura — 'scale of nature'
• Carolus Linnaeus: the father or founder of taxonomy
• PANTHERA LEO: scientific name of lion
• JAMES HUTTON: he believes the idea of Gradualism
• George Cuvier: father of Paleontology and believes the idea of Catastrophism
• Charles Lyell: He believes the idea of Uniformitarianism
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck: he published his ideas about INHERITANCE of ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS
• Thomas Malthus: he wrote an essay about human population growth
• Lamarck didn’t know about

  genes and how traits are inherited. In 1 sentence, what do you think is wrong to lamarck hypothesis?
• Uncontrolled Urbanization, Source shortage, over crowding: some consequences of human population growth
• Paleontology: study of fossils
• 3 scientific name of bear: Ursus arctos, Ursus maritimus, and Ursus americanis
• HMS beagle: name of the ship that Charles Darwin when he used in his voyage
• Galapagos Island: the island where Charles Darwin had his observation
• On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection : the complete title of the book wherein Darwin published his idea about his observations.
• Alfred Russel Wallace - A Naturalist working in the West Indies, wrote an essay describing his work that summarized the same ideas Darwin had been thinking about for 25 years!
• Vestigial Organ: an organ that is present to human body but doesn't have any specific use
• SCURVY: a disease that you will get if you lack of vitamin C
• FOSSIL RECORD: evidence of evolution. It provides evidence that organisms have changed overtime. Through these fossils, scientist may study fossil record and history. These fossils proves that there is an evolution happened by the evidence that it holds as earth changes overtime.
• Taxon: classification unit to which organisms are assigned
• Panthera: a taxon at the genus level
• Mammalia: a taxon at the class level
• GENUS: group of closely related species
• CATASTROPHISM - boundaries represent floods, droughts, etc. that destroyed many species living at that time
• GRADUALISM -Profound changes can result from cumulative effect of slow but continuous Processes.
• UNIFORMITARIANISM - the idea that Earth has always changed in uniform ways - Darwin read his book on the Beagle voyage
• Human suffering: (disease, famine, homelessness, and war) are consequences to human population increasing faster than food and other resources
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck- One of first scientists to recognize that living things changed over time and that all species were descended from other species.
• Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Through repeated use, the front
• Charles Darwin: Theory of Biological Evolution. Propose the idea of evolution by natural selection.
• ENDEMIC: species were found no where else in the world
• Natural Selection: what he called to the presented evidence and proposed the mechanism of evolution last 1859 From the "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
• ARTIFICIAL SELECTION: Nature provides the variation through mutation and sexual reproduction and humans select those traits that they find useful.
• Fossil Record : provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.
• HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES -Forelimbs of all mammals share same arrangement of bones that can be traced to same embryological origin
• EVOLUTION: explains why certain characteristics in related species have an underlying similarity.
• In humans the cecum is shrunken and unused
• EMBRYOLOGY: Development of vertebrate embryos follows same path
•  MOLECULAR HOMOLOGIES: Similarities in in DNA and protein sequences suggested relatedness