English Reviewer (G8, Q4: Cohesive devices and Literature)

• Cohesion


  An action bringing elements together, united by within a particular system or structure
• Persuasive Speech


  Written to persuade or convince the listeners to change the way they think.
• Cohesive devices


  Words or phrases that show the relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech.
• Types of cohesive devices

  • To signal relation in time: before, meanwhile, later.
  • To signal similarity: likewise, once again, once more.
  • To signal difference: but, yet, however.
• Literature


  Written works of imaginative, artistic, or intellectual value, typically characterized by ideas, emotions, and experiences.
• Heritage


  A country's heritage is all the qualities, traditions, or features of life there that have continued over many years.
• Diversity


  The practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc.
• Diverse Backgrounds


  People coming from different ethnic or cultural backgrounds.
• Elements of literature


  • Character
  • Setting
  • Plot
  • Conflict
  • Point of View
  • Theme
• Character


  A person, animal or object who plays a big role in any literary work.
• Types of character


  • Protagonist - the leading character; usually characterized as a hero.
  • Antagonist - the evil character; the one that becomes the enemy of the hero.
• Setting


  The time and place the story happened.
• Elements of a plot


  • Exposition/Introduction - beginning of the story.
  • Conflict - the first problem that carries the flow.
  • Rising action - story becomes complicated because of new problems.
  • Climax - the highest point of the story.
  • Falling action - the conflict or problem has been fixed or settled.
  • Denouement or Resolution - the end part of the story
• Point of view

  • First person - a present character using the personal pronoun "I"
  • Third person - this uses the pronouns "she", "he", "them" and "they"
  • Second person - describes the reader's actions, thoughts, and background using "you"
• Theme


  Central idea or message of a story
• Genres of literature

  • Poetry
  • Fiction
  • Nonfiction
  • Drama
  • Prose
• Types of poetry

  • Epic - the heroic journey of an individual or a group of individuals
  • Narrative - through poetic techniques, such as rhyme, rhythm, similes, and metaphors
  • Lyric - short, highly musical verses that express powerful emotions
  • Dramatic - written in verse for public recitation or performance
• Types of fiction


  • Fantasy - usually depict imaginary settings, beings, and universes
  • Horror - is to shock and frighten readers
  • Fable - characters who act like humans to resolve conflict
  • Mythology - includes themes such as gods, goddesses, and cultural phenomena
• Types of nonfiction


  • Autobiography - a personal narrative of one's life
  • Biography - an account of a person's life, written by someone else
• Types of drama

  • Tragedy - challenges that the protagonist experiences
  • Comedy - a type of drama with a funny tone
  • Musical - dramas tell a story through music and indirect expressions.
  • Melodrama - pieces of dramatic literature that depict serious stories
• Types of prose

  • Short Essay
  • Novels
• Informative Speech Written to increase the knowledge of your audience.