Cell cycle and cancer

• G1 and G2: Cell grows by producing new organelles and proteins

  S: DNA replication occurs
• Cancer cells

  1. Replicative immortality - can divide many more times than normal body cells
  2. Metastasis - migrate to other parts of the body
  3. Angiogenesis - promote growth of new blood vessels which provide oxygen and nutrients to tumour cells
  4. Immortal - lost ability to undergo programmed cell death
  5. Metabolic changes - increased cell growth and division

  Carcinogen

  1. Agent that may cause cancer
  2. Cause damage to the DNA molecules resulting in mutation
• Cytokinesis

  • Cleavage: In-tucking of the cell surface membrane at the equator of the spindle, resulting in a cleavage furrow, 'pinching' the cytoplasm in half
  • Plant cells: Golgi apparatus forms vesicles of new cell wall materials which collect along the line of the equator of the spindle. Vesicles merge, forming the new cell surface membranes and cellulose cell walls between the two cells