Animal And Plant Cells

• Cell


  The very smallest unit of living matter
• All living things are made up of cells
• Multicellular organism


  A living thing (organism) that is made up of multiple cells
• How multicellular organisms are organised

  • Plants are organised in the same way
• Organelles


  Structures which are inside cells
• Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts
• Exploring animal and plant cells


  1. Label the animal and plant cells

  2. Complete the Venn diagram - try not to use your diagrams
• Organelle


  • Structure
  • Function: Contains DNA and controls all the activities in the cell
• There are many more organelles which you have not learnt about
• Algae


  Not classed as plants (Plants are multicellular organisms!)
• Organelles


  • Nucleus
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell Wall
  • Vacuole
  • Absorbs light for photosynthesis
  • Where lots of chemical reactions happen
  • Where proteins are made
  • Filled with sap
  • Controls what enters, leaves the cell
• Organelle missing from both cells
• Observing onion cells under a microscope


  1. Take a small piece of onion and using forceps (tweezers), peel off the membrane from the underside (the rough side)

  2. Lay the thin membrane flat on the surface of the slide

  3. Add only one drop of iodine solution to the onion. tissue to make the organelles visible

  4. Using a needle, lower the thin glass cover slip onto the slide at an angle

  5. Make sure there are no air bubbles
• Eukaryotic cells


  Animals, plants, fungi and protists cells are types of
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Bacteria are, and are significantly smaller then eukaryotic cells
  • The main difference is the genetic material (DNA). Eukaryotes have theirs in a nucleus, but prokaryotes do not
• Organelles found in animal cells that prokaryotic cells do not have
• Capsule


  A protective layer surrounding some pathogenic bacteria
• Flagella


  Features of some prokaryotic cells, they rotate to provide movement
• Order of magnitude


  If one number is about 10 times bigger than another, you say it is one order of magnitude bigger (10^1)
• • There are 10 mm in 1 cm
  • There are 100 cm in 1 m
  • How many mm are in 1 m?
  • 4 mm is the same as how many metres?
• Converting units


  1. There are 1000mm in 1m

  2. There are 1000 μm in 1mm

  3. There are 1000nm in 1 μm

  4. How many μm are there in 0.4mm?

  5. How many mm are there in 2500nm?
• Standard Form


  • If 1 m = 1000 mm, then 1 mm = 1 x 10^-3 m
  • So what is 1 cm?