HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

• Hydrometeorological hazards - a process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life , injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, economic disruption, or governmental damage. (UNISDR, 2007)
• Hydrometeorological hazards can be single, sequential, or combined in their origin and effects.
• Hydrometeorological hazards:

  • El Nino and La Nina
  • Tropical cyclones
  • Floods
  • Storm surge
  • Thunderstorm
  • Tornado
  • Drought
• El Nino - associated with having no rain, hence the fear of drought and consequently dried-up fields and low water levels in dams, reservoirs for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.
• El nino means "The little boy" or "Christ Child" in Spanish
• El nino was originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South America in the 1600s. Unusually warm water in the Pacific ocean. Time of the year which these warm waters events tended to occur (December)
• El nino - Large scale atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east central equatorial pacific
• La nina - heavy rainfall and hazards such as floods
• La nina means "The little girl" in spanish
• La nina is also called "El Viejo" or "anti-El nino" or "Cold event"
• La nina - cooling of surface ocean waters along the tropical west coast of South America. Counterpart for el nino.
• Tropical cyclone - (typhoon or hurricane) intense low pressure system with a minimum sustained wind velocity of 3.5 KPH
• Tropical cyclone - feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.
• Tropical - geographic origin , from almost exclusively in tropical regions of the globe.
• Cyclone - refers to such storms cyclonic nature
• Counter-clockwise - Northern hemisphere
• Clockwise - Southern hemisphere
• Eye - Area where the wind is light and calm and there's no rain
• Eye wall - where the precipitation is the heaviest and the wind is the strongest
• Categories of tropical cyclone:

  • Tropical depression
  • Tropical storm
  • Severe tropical storm
  • typhoon
  • Super typhoon
• Tropical depression - up to 61 kph
• Tropical storm - 62 to 88 kph
• Severe tropical storm - 89 to 117 kph
• Typhoon - 118 to 220 kph
• Super typhoon - Exceeding 220 kph
• Average number of tropical cyclones that enter Philippine waters annually: 20
• Number of tropical cyclones that make landfall on Philippine shores annually: 5-6
• 1 - No classes in kindergarten
• 2 - no classes in kindergarten, elem, and highschool
• 3 - no classes in kindergarten, elem, high school, college (including grad school)
• Floods - Affect low-lying areas and coastal areas due to overflowing of water from lakes, streams and other bodies of water. The accumulation of rain drainage is one of its causes
• 2 classifications of flood:

  • Natural
  • Man-made
• Natural causes:

  • Intense prolonged rainfall
  • Storm surge
  • high tide
• Man-made causes:

  • Increased urbanization and coastal development
  • Informal settlers
  • indiscriminate dumping of garbage
  • deforestation
  • failure of levees and dams
• Types of floods:

  • River
  • Flash
  • Coastal
• River flood - caused by overflowing of rivers
• Flash flood - very short period of unusually heavy rainfall
• Coastal flood - strong onshore winds push the water inland.
• PAG-ASA WARNING SIGNALS FOR FLOOD:

  RED - More than 30 mm rain - Serious flooding expected in low-lying areas - EVACUATION

  ORANGE - 15-30 mm (intense) - Flood is threatening - ALERT FOR POSSIBLE EVACUATION

  YELLOW - 7.5 - 15 mm (heavy) - flooding is possible - MONITOR FOR WEATHER CONDITIONS
• Storm Surge - abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm