Henry VII's Foreign Policies

• What were Henry VII's aims of foreign policy?

  Ensure national security, dynastic recognition and encourage English trading interests
• Why did Henry get involved with the French invasion of Brittany 1487?

  His obligation to the Bretons and fear of the increase potential French threat if they gained control of Brittany
• What did Henry VII do to help Brittany?

  Treaty of Redon 1489 to stop France annexing Brittany by sending 6000 troops, 1492 sent 12000 more
• Why and when did Henry invade France?

  1492 due to Perkin Warbeck seeking French support his claim to the throne
• Why did the invasion go in Henry's favour?

  France was more interested in invading Italy and controlling dutchies e.g Burgundy and Brittany
• What was the result of the French invasion 1492?


  Treaty of Etaples- removed support of Perkin Warbeck, pension of 745000 crowns, encouraged Anglo-French commercial relations
• What was a limitation of the Treaty of Etaples?

  The duties on English goods imported to France was supposed to be lowered but wasn't in full effect until 1497-when they were fully removed, unrestricted trade
• What developed as a result of Henry's want of good relations with Spain?

  Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489
• What did the Treaty of Medina del Campo entail?

  International peace and security, mutual protection if attacked, no harbouring rebels and marriage of Arthur to Catherine.
• What were the limitations of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

  Arrangements of marriage wasn't smooth, Ferdinand was reluctant towards marriage, Dynastic stability was still threatened by Perkin Warbeck. Marriage wasn't agreed until 1499
• Why was the relationship between Henry and Ferdinand complicated in 1502?


  Arthur's death, Henry's suggestion of marrying Catherine to Henry. Ferdinand had little need for an English alliance and the marriage would need a papal dispensation.
• Why did relations between Henry and Ferdinand sour further in 1504?


  Isabella of Castile died and Ferdinand became less significant politically. Struggle succession in Spain. Henry supported Juana.
• How did Henry show support for Juana and Philip of Burgundy?

  Treaty of Windsor 1506
• What did the Treaty of Windsor entail?

  Intercursus Malus

  Return of Earl of Suffolk

  Proposed marriage himself and Margaret (Phillip's sister)

  Recognition of Juana and Phillip's claim to Spanish throne
• What was the limitation of the Treaty of Windsor?

  Philip died, Juana went mad so Ferdinand could become regent of Castile. Treaty was never fully operative but restored trade in 1507 on basis of Magnus
• What happened as a consequence of the Treaty of Windsor?

  Henry became diplomatically isolated and Ferdinand made sure the marriage between Henry and Catherine
• What years were the Navigation Acts?


  1485 and 1489
• When was the Trade Embargo with the Netherlands?


  1493
• What was the significance of the Trade Embargo on the Netherlands?

  It brought 2 foreign policy aims into conflict, securing the dynasty and encouraging trade. He was prepared to sacrifice trade.
• What was the limitation of the Trade Embargo on the Netherlands?

  They retaliated and put a trade embargo on England.
• What ended the Trade Embargo with the Netherlands?

  Intercursus Magnus 1496
• Where did the majority of English exports go through?

  Antwerp